1.英语的七种句型有哪些

2.英语的基本句子结构

3.简单英语问题,请指教!!!!!

4.一道高中英语选择题

5.详解英语四六级选词填空题

6.有关英语的基本句型

英语句子结构svc_英语句子结构SVOA什么意思

闪光的托福作文包含四个要素:

1、完整性:句子结构完整,意义完整;

2、连贯性:句子各部分之间以及句子之间的关系紧密、协调,前后意思连贯,思想表达清楚有序;

3、简洁性:言简意赅;

4、多样性:包括词汇多样性和句子多样性。

以上四要素中,前三个要素是前提和基础,比较容易做到;多样性是对前三个要素的升华,是作文闪光点的核心和关键所在。

托福词汇多样性:

词汇贫乏是中国学生英语作文的通病。整篇作文一个词用到底,从不作任何变化:一遇到“改变/变化”就是change,“影响”就是effect,“流行”就是popular,“认为”就是think;

每逢“因为”就是because,“意识到”就是realize,“想到”就是think of

等等。其实英语词汇很丰富的,同一个意思可以由很多不同的方式表达。

句子多样性:

单调的句式和结构、长度相近的句子使作文呆板单调,缺乏生动性和说服力;而灵活多变的句子样式和结构则使作文语言生动,自然流畅,丰富多彩。具体包括以下几个方面:

1长短句变换:简单句、并列句和复合句交替运用

长句准确生动,长于说明推理;短句简洁明快,意义明确,印象深刻,描述动作,表明主旨,总结归纳,非短句不可。既然各有所长,在写作时应根据实际需要,交替使用简单句、并列句和复合句,以达到“段间长短不一,全篇句式万千”、丰富多样的效果,给读者以及阅卷老师以永恒的新鲜感。

2结构多样化

我们学过非谓语动词结构(包括不定式结构和分词结构),无动词结构,分隔结构,比较结构,独立结构,with复合结构,特殊否定结构,it结构,平行结构,强调结构,倒装结构,等等。其中最为神通广大的是非谓语动词结构,在句中或作主语、宾语,或作表语、宾语补足语,或作定语修饰名词,或作状语表示条件、原因、让步、时间、方式、目的、结果、伴随状况等,不一而足。

非谓语动词结构可以简化大部分英语从句,产生语言简练,结构丰富多样的效果,请看下列转化实例:

名词从句可转化为非谓语动词结构

1. That John won the marathon surprised us.

John’s winning the Marathon surprised us.

2. I he not decided whether I should vote for Clint.

I he not decided whether to vote for Clint.

定语从句可转化为非谓语动词结构

1. The man (who is) standing at the gate is my English teacher.

2. The car (that was) repaired yesterday by him is my mother's.

3. The next train that arrives is from New York.

状语从句可转化为非谓语动词结构

1. After he had watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.

Hing watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.

2. When they are heated metals expand.

(When) Heated, metals expand.

3. Because I do not know what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.

Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.

4. I spoke slowly and clearly in order that the audience could understand

me.

…in order for the audience to understand me.

5. If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fail.

United, we stand; divided, we fail.

6. Though he has lived in Canada for tree years, he still cannot speak

English well.

Hing lived in Canada for three years, he still cannot speak English

well.

无动词结构也是阅卷老师喜欢看到的亮点,原因就在于由于汉语写作惯性,中国学生很少能想到使用该结构。这种结构实质上是SVC结构的省略,包括形容词无动词结构、名词无动词结构(即同位结构)和介词无动词结构,往往放在句子开头,以逗号同主句隔开,表示原因、条件、让步、补充说明,伴随状况等意义。请看下列例子:

形容词无动词结构

1. Big and fat, Victor went to the Gym(健身馆) every Sunday morning.(原因)

2. Speechless, Henry nodded and sat on a folding seat.(伴随状语)

3. Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote.(原因)

4. (Although)always helpful, he was not much liked by people.(让步)

5. It has little taste, unless hot.(条件)

名词无动词结构

6. A fellow Georgian(佐治亚人), Jordan was well-known as a friend of the

President.(同位语)

7. Bank loan or no bank loan, we’ll buy the house.(让步)

8. Whatever the reason, his cordiality(诚恳)to her has won him a

friend.(让步)

介词无动词结构

9. Because of his mistake several people died.(原因)

10. Without his sister’s money, Harry would never be a doctor.(条件)

由于写作惯性,同学们写英语作文时,很可能不会想到上述结构,而是写成分句,例如上述例1和例2可能写成:

1b. Because he was big and fat, Victor went to the Gym every Sunday

morning.

2b. Henry nodded and sat on a folding seat, and kept speechless.

相比之下不难发现,无动词结构句效果更好,更地道,更简练,同时又丰富了作文的句子结构,不仅让读者和阅卷老师为之眼前一亮!

3主语多样化

中国人习惯于用人称主语,而英语中则常用无灵主语(inanimate subject),即无生命的事物作主语,如:

1.The last two decades has witnessed earth-shaking changes in China.

中国在过去的二十年中发生了翻天覆地的变化。

2. A strange peace came over her when she was alone.

她独处时感到一种特别的安宁。

3. I am very sorry that the pressure of other occupations has prevented me

from sending an earlier reply to your letter.

由于我近来事务繁忙,没能给于及早回复,对此我表示深深的歉意。

4. The smallest excuse would he served.

其实,你随便找个哪怕最小的借口就可以了。

5. That night sleep eluded me.

那天晚上我彻夜未眠。

6. The old house has seen better days.

这座老房子的主人曾过着更好的生活。

7. Everything at the party spoke of careful planning.

派对上的一切都说明主人进行了精心策划。

8.A terrible thought suddenly struck me—had I locked the door?

我突然产生了一个可怕的想法——我锁门了吗?

9. When he had to speak, his confidence suddenly deserted him.

等到不得不说话时,他却突然没了信心。

在英语中没有生命的事物作主语,来作为动作的发出者是相当普遍的现象,几乎和人称主语句平分秋色。但由于受汉语思维的束缚,我们往往觉得人作主语更自然,因此大多数情况下,我们中国学生不思索地取汉语的思维去表达,如上述例1、例5和例9,很可能会写作如下的样子:

1b. Great changes he taken place in China in the last two decades.

5b. I failed to fall into sleep that night.

5c. I kept awake all through that night.

9b. When he had to speak, he suddenly lost confidence.

我们既然已经了解了英语的这种独特思维,写托福作文时,我们要有意识地按照英语的思维去表达,这样不仅能写出地道的英语句子,也避免了作文中千篇一律的“人”主宰一切的枯燥和沉闷的氛围。

4开头多样化

开头除了使用主语外,还可以用各种各样的结构

1. An expert in forest fire control, the forest ranger talked to the campers

about safety in the woods.同位语

2. Angry, Mr. Boyd began to defend his reputation with strong

arguments.形容词短语

3. Tired and dirty, the boys returned to the camp.形容词短语

4. Jogging every day, I soon increased my energy level.现在分词短语

5. Troubled by a dream, Tim woke up with a start.过去分词

6. To succeed in that course, you must attend every class.不定式短语

7. In the scientific laboratory, Madame Curie was an industrious

worker.介词短语

8. Because he was tired and discouraged, he did not want to rewrite the

paper.原因状语句

9. What you impulsively do in haste you may regret( )in leisure.宾语从句提前

5运用修辞手法:排比;对偶

1. I came, I saw, I conquered. 我来了,我看了,我征服(凯撒大帝语)

2. He was well-known, well-respected, and well-loved.

3. The proof of gold is fire; the proof of woman, gold; the proof of man, a

woman.火可以检验真金,金子可以检验女人,而女人可以检验男人。

4. Government of the people, by the people and for the people shall not

perish from the earth.这个民有、民主、民享的永远也不会从地球上消失

5. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to

struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together,

knowing that we will be free one day. (摘自马丁·路德·金的著名演说I He a Dream)

6. The power of French literature is in its prose writers; the power of

English literature is in its poets.法国文学长于散文;英国文学优于诗歌。

7. A long journey tests a horse’s strength; a long acquaintance shows a man’s

heart. 路遥知马力,日久见人心。

以上例句中,前五个运用排比修辞格,节奏优美,语势强烈,感染力强;后两句运用这些的秘诀可以称为金科玉律(Golden

Rules),却一点也不复杂,对偶修辞格,言简意赅,意义隽永。掌握了上述方法将会让你的托福作文语言大放异彩。

英语的七种句型有哪些

听力不好的主要原因是英语基础没有打好,

建议从英语基础补起,

先从字母,

元音字母

辅音字母。

单词重读弱读

连读,

缩读,

声调

句子的重读弱读

等慢慢学起,

在学些语法知识

你就能够提高听力了,

我今天刚刚发布了微文,

发给你,

主要是讲英语基础的,

希望对你有帮助!

英语语法为什么总学不会?

引用李一博士:“我就记得初中的时候总是在背诵stop to do和stop doing的区别、be made of和be made from的区别、look forward to后面要加doing,虽然也能应付考试,但是终究不能通透地理解语法的全貌,所谓“只见树木,不见森林””

学外语是要学语法的

英语语法是有体系的

语法总原则:一个句子有且仅有一个谓语动词

句子分为简单句、复合句、复杂句

简单句=主语+谓语=主语+谓语动词+其他成分=主语+助动词+实义动词+其他成分

主语一般是名词词组,名词词组=限定词+定语+名词

谓语动词=助动词+实义动词=操作词+其他助动词+实义动词

谓语动词有16种时态,2种语态,3种语气

非谓语动词=谓语动词阉割掉助动词be的形式,可以做除谓语动词之外的所有成分

复合句=简单句1+复合连词+简单句2

复杂句=简单句1+代词/副词/连词+简单句2

(一)语法总原则

一个英语句子有且仅有一个谓语动词,其他动词要用非谓语动词或从句的形式。

为理解这个语法总原则,要理解几个关键点:简单句、谓语动词、非谓语动词、从句、倒装、省略等。

(二)主语

(1)主谓一致

(即单数主语+单数动词、复数主语+复数动词),至于所谓的意义一致和就近原则,真的很少,在阅读中知道即可,在写作中完全可以绕过去。

(2)代词

代词=名词/形容词

(3)定语与限定词

限定词+定语+名词

限定词

冠词(定冠词the、不定冠词a、an,以及零冠词)

物主限定词my, ?your, his, her, our, your, their, one’s, it

名词属格John’s

指示限定词this, ?that, these, those, such

疑问限定词what, ?which, whose

不定限定词no, ?some, any, each, every, enough, either, neither, all both, half, several, ?many, much, (a) few, (a) little, other, another

基数词、序数词、倍数词、分数词

量词a lot of, ?lots of, plenty of, a great deal of, a large amount of, a good number of

定语

形容词(前置/后置)

a big le

something blue

名词

le tree

trade war

名词做定语可以把这两个名词当做一个整体。

介宾短语结构(后置)

a cat on the table

非谓语动词(后置)

something to eat

the wall painted white

the man standing by the window

定语从句(后置)

a girl that is beautiful

(4)介词

介词 + 名词=介宾短语(P.O.)

状语

状语 + 动词/形容词/副词/整个句子

At the upper timberline the trees begin to become twisted and deformed.

补语

主语补语(即表语)

The cat is on the table.

动词补语

S Vi + P + O = S Vi C

My father looked after me very well.

注:S Vi + P + O也可以方便地理解为S Vt O,于是产生了很多V+P的固定搭配

形容词补语

I am hy for you.

后置定语

a cat on the table

The transition (from forest to treeless tundra) (on a mountain slope) is often a dramatic one.

A of B结构

当A为一般名词:核心词为A,of B为介宾短语做后置定语

This rapid zone of transition is called the upper timberline.

当A为数量词:核心词为B,A of=many/much

a lot of people

a great number of people

注意区分a number of + 复数名词 + 复数动词和

the number of + 复数名词 + 单数动词

(三)谓语

(1)构成

谓语动词 = 助动词 + 实义动词 = 操作词(第一个助动词)+ 其他助动词 + 实义动词

否定句:操作词 + ?not + 实义动词

一般疑问句:操作词 + ?主语 + 实义动词

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 ?+ 操作词 + 主语 + (其他助动词+)实义动词

实义动词即有实际意义的动词,助动词即帮助实义动词传达意义的动词。助动词的个数有限,一共18个,属于封闭词类,即不再扩充的词类;

而实义动词则千变万化,属于开放词类,数量可以增加。

操作词(operator)并非与名词、动词具有相等地位的一个词类,而是在谓语动词的结构中对于第一个助动词的特殊称谓。之所以要把第一个助动词称为操作词,是为了后面谓语动词的变形方便,否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句,以及后续要讲到的倒装、省略等都要涉及。

特殊疑问词可以分为代词性和副词性,副词性特殊疑问词及代词性特殊疑问词做非主语时符合上述结构,但是如果代词性特殊疑问词做主语,结构为:特殊疑问词 + 助动词 + 实义动词,例如:What is going on?

I love you.

I do not ?love you.

Do I love you?

Whydo I ?love you?

I can swim.

I cannot ?swim.

Can I swim?

How can I ?swim?

I he been loving you for a long time.

I he not ?been loving you for a long time.

He I been loving you for a long time?

Whyhe I ?been loving you for a long time?

助动词

基本助动词(3个)

be

do

he

情态助动词(13个)

can/could

may/might

will/would

shall/should

must

ought to

dare

need

used to

半助动词(2个)

he to

seem to

以实义动词的形式区分时态,比如实义动词是原形do的时态都是一般时态(包括does和did),以doing结尾的都是进行时态,以done结尾的都是完成时态。以操作词(第一个助动词)区分时间,将来时态一定以will开头,现在时态可以有do和be的现在形式(am/is/are)两个助动词作为操作词,过去将来时态一定以would开头,过去时态可以有did、be的过去形式(was/were)、he作为操作词,过去的过去一定以had开头。

另外还可以看出,三个基本助动词be/do/he的组合是只有he/had been doing两种(注意这里的doing是实义动词),除此两种情况之外基本助动词是互相排斥的,即只能用一个。再考虑情态助动词will/would可见,will/would后能连接be和he,不能连接助动词do(注意will do和would do里面的do是实义动词)。另外,在实际使用中will/would可能被其他情态助动词和半助动词代替,比如might be doing、must he done、he to be doing、seem to he done等。

1. 一般现在时

一般描述

China is a big country.

客观存在

The earth rotates on its axis.

习惯动作

Percy goes to his office by underground every day.

2. 一般过去时

一般描述

Hitler’s army invaded Russiain order to conquer the largest country in the world.

失真情况

Shanghai was a small fishing village.

习惯动作

I got up at six every day in high school.

3. 一般将来时

表示将来的一般描述、(有意志主体做主语时)表示意愿

China will launch its own rockets with astronauts onto the moon.

4. 过去将来时

表示过去将来的一般描述、(有意志主体做主语时)表示意愿

The South would win the battle under cruel slery.

5. 现在进行时

表示正在进行、持续进行

China is taking measures to control housing prices.

6. 过去进行时

表示过去正在进行、持续进行

The plane was flying over my head last midnight.

7. 现在完成时

过去完成的动作,对现在有影响

China has carried out its opening-up policy for decades.

8. 过去完成时

过去的过去完成的动作,对过去有影响

She had finished her graduate school, so she could start working in the fall of 2006.

9. 将来进行时

表示将来正在进行、持续进行

Facebook users will be demonstrating their desire for privacy outside its headquarters.

10. 过去将来进行时

表示过去将来正在进行、持续进行

When I was small, Grandpa said I would be fighting for my future 20 years later.

11. 现在完成进行时

表示过去开始的某动作已经完成相当一部分,持续到现在正在进行,并且对现在有影响

I he been working for 30 days without a rest.

12. 过去完成进行时

表示过去的过去开始的某动作已经完成相当一部分,持续到过去某个时间点仍然正在进行,并且对过去这个时间点有影响

She had been carrying out her plot to be the queen three months earlier.

13. 将来完成进行时

表示到将来某个时间点,某动作已经完成了相当一部分,持续到将来这个时间点仍然正在进行,并且对将来这个时间点有影响

The play is coming off in August. By then the play will he been running for three months.

14. 过去将来完成进行时

表示到过去将来某个时间点,某动作已经完成了相当一部分,持续到过去将来这个时间点仍然正在进行,并且对过去将来这个时间点有影响

Up to that time he would he been translating those books.

15. 将来完成时

表示到将来某个时间点,某动作已完成并且对将来这个时间点有影响

You will he reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.

16. 过去将来完成时

表示到过去将来某个时间点,某动作已完成并且对将来这个时间点有影响

I guessed that Helen would he told her something.

(2)语态

主动语态和被动语态

(3)语气

陈述语气

陈述事实或提出询问

用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句中

祈使语气

仅用于祈使句中

提出请求,劝告或命令

虚拟语气

虚拟事实

表达愿望、建议或与事实或预期相反的设等

用于状语从句

与过去事实相反

从句:过去完成时had done

主句:would/ should/ could / might + he done

If I had gotten there earlier, I would/ should/ could he met her.

If he had taken my advice, he would not he made such a mistake.

与现在事实相反

从句:过去时(be只用were)

主句:would/ should/ could/ might + do/ be doing

If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.

If there were no air or water, there would be no living creatures on the Earth.

与将来预期相反

将来的事情尚未发生,故此处是与将来的预期相反,即说话者对于虚拟语气中的这种预期程度很低。

从句:过去时(be只用were)或should / were to + 动词原形

主句:would/ should/ could / might + 动词原形

If there were a hey snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.

If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.

If he should come here tomorrow, I should/ would talk to him.

用于名词性从句

表意见、命令、要求的动词/名词 + that + (should) + 动词原形

常用动词

advise/ suggest/ insist/ request/ require/ order/ demand/ command/ decide/ recommend等

Jane’s uncle insisted that she (should) not stay in the hotel.

The workers requested that their working conditions (should) be improved.

It was suggested that Jane (should) he a medical examination.

常用名词

suggestion/ proposal/ order/ advice/ demand/ requirement等

My suggestion is that you (should) send a few soldiers to help them.

He makes the demand that she (should) lee the place at once.

(四)非谓语

(S + V1) +(S + be + X) = S + V1, X

X=

非谓语动词

to do

doing

done

扩展

n.

Confucius taught us that…

Confucius was a great philosopher.

Confucius, a great philosopher(同位语), taught us that…

adj.

We naively believed that…

We were young and foolish.

We, young and foolish(可以视为后置定语或定语从句的省略,也可以视为状语), naively believed that…

P.O.

People tend to behe hastely.

People are in such a situation.

People in such a situation(后置定语或状语) tend to behe hastely.

/People tend to behe hastely in such a situation(状语).

adv.

I now announce the opening of…

I am here.

Here(状语), I now announce the opening of…

(1)不定式

to + 动词原形

表将来

It is about to fall.

表目的

We come here to study. = We come here. + We are to study.

(2)现在分词

表主动伴随状态

Walking in the street, I saw him. = I was walking in the street. + I saw him.

Scratching the cat, the boy smiled. = The boy was scratching the cat. + The boy smiled.

(3)过去分词

表被动伴随状态

Scratched by the cat, the boy cried. = The boy was scratched by the cat. + The boy cried.

逻辑主语一致

非谓语动词的逻辑主语要与主句主语一致

We come here to study.

Walking in the street, I saw him.

Scratched by the cat, the boy cried.

(*) Standing by the window, the city is all below me.

(4)独立主格

(S1 + V1) + (S2 + be + X) = S1 + V1, S2 + X

X=

to do

doing

done

n.

adj.

PO

adv.

独立主格 = (with) + 逻辑主语 + 其他成分

一般用逗号与主句隔开

逻辑主语与主句的主语不同,独立存在

简单检验方法:“逻辑主语 + be + 其他成分”是一个完整句子

不定式

表将来

His friends to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.

We shall assemble at ten, the procession to start moving at precisely eleven.

Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.

The two boys said goodbye to each other, one to go home, and the other to go to his friend’s.

现在分词

表进行或主动

The boy leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.

Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.

The rain hing stopped, he went out for a walk.

过去分词

表完成或被动

The test finished, we’ll he our summer vacation.

Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea.

“Marquis,” said the boy, turning to the man, his eyes opened wide and his right hand raised.

名词

I received many Christmas gifts, some of them books.

Many people come to visit the city, most of them foreigners.

He fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon.

It being Sunday, we went to church.

形容词

He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.

The men moved slowly forward, neck deep in the water, with their officers guiding them.

It stood silent in the noon sunlight, its door open.

He came into the room, his ears red with cold.

介词短语

School over, we all went home.

Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away.

Music on, I can’t focus my mind on the work.

Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.

He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.

He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us.

The hunters entered the forest, gun in hand.

with/without引导的独立主格

With his son so disointing, the old man felt unhy.

With her sister out, she had to stay at home alone.

Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in her hand.

The old man, with thick glasses on his nose, is a pianist.

结论

数学公式化表达

简单句=S+P=S + ?V + ...(P代表Predicate谓语)

S=NP=限定词+定语+n.=大定语+n.(NP代表noun ? phrase)

V=Aux + v. = ? operator + other Aux + V.

S + V + ... ? = SVtO或SVi或SVC或SVoO或SVOC

带从句的句子=主句+从句=简单句1+引导词+简单句2

非谓语动词:(S + ?V1) +(S + be + X) = S + V1, X

独立主格:(S1 + ?V1) + (S2 + be + X) = S1 + V1, S2 + X

英语的基本句子结构

1、ubject (主语) +?Verb (谓语)

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语.常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disear, cry, hen等

如:?Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。

2、Subject (主语) +?Link. V(系动词) +?Predicate(表语)

这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等.其系动词一般可分为下列两类:表示状态.这样的词有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。

如:This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。

3、Subject(主语) +?Verb (谓语) +?Object (宾语)

这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词,就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。

例:?He took his bag and left.(名词)?他拿着书包离开了。

4、Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+?Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)

这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担.引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。

如:?Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。

5、Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)

这种句型中的“宾语?+?补语”统称为“复合宾语”.宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。

如:You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词)

6、主—动—状结构(SVA)此种结构中的状语不可缺。

例如The radio is near his bed.收音机靠近他的床。

7、主—动—宾状结构(SVOA)

此种结构中的状语不可缺。

例如:She put her baby in the cradle.她把小孩放在摇篮里。

扩展资料:

一、what time和when引导的特殊疑问句

1、 询问钟点时用what time,询问日期、月份、年份时用when。?

2、What's the time?= What time is it?现在几点了?

3、时刻表达法:顺读法和逆读法。

顺读法:“钟点?+ 分钟”直接读数字。

如:7:05 seven five;8:16 eight six

二、how 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式,其答语分三种情况:

a. take a?/ an?/ the?+ 交通工具(单数)

b. by?+ 交通工具(单数)

c. on?/ in?+ 限定词?+ 交通工具

简单英语问题,请指教!!!!!

英语的基本句子结构

 在完成了对于词汇的所指意义(denotative meaning)的辨识以后,我们就可以进入篇章阅读的第一个层次──句子的阅读了。句子是语篇的基本组成单位,是进入作者话语的第一步,也就是说,只有在接触了句子之后,你才真正接触到了作者。在不构成句子的情况下,所有的单词都是语言的一个个零散的部件。只有形成了句子才有了真正的意义。所以说,对于句子的阅读理解是至关重要的。我们在具体的阅读实践中经常碰到这样的情况,那就是在一个句子中没有任何生疏的单词,但是就是捉摸不出它的意思来。笔者认为这主要有三方面的原因,第一是读者对于背景知识缺乏了解;第二是句子结构比较复杂,从句过多;第三是有一些特殊的句型读者没有掌握。背景知识的介绍不属本书的探讨范围,所以也就搁置一边。我们主要就后两个因素进行必要的有关探讨。

 英语句子分为简单句(simple sentence)和多重句(multiple sentence)。所谓的简单句就是一个句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。多重句包含两种基本情况,一种是两个或者两个以上的'简单分句形成并列关系,这样的句子叫做并列句(compound sentence);另一种是两个或两个以上的简单分句构成主从关系,这样的句子叫做复杂句(complex sentence)。下面我们分别对这三种情况加以分析。

  1、简单句

 不管是我们阅读还是写作,构造和理解简单句都是最基本的技能。在这个技能中,记住一点是十分重要的。也就是说:在英语简单句中,只能有而且(一般情况下)必须有一个谓语部分。笔者之所以强调这一点,是因为笔者在长期的教学实践中,深深感到中国学生虽然对它有一个正确的认识,但是由于汉语影响的缘故,往往在写作中犯一个句子中出现两个甚至两个以上谓语的错误。比如有的学生会轻易而不自觉地出现这样的错误:(举例)。体现在阅读中,就是当面对一个多修饰语的简单句时,不能有意识地运用寻找句子谓语部分这一重要的理解句子的突破口。

 英语的简单句只有五种基本句型,所有的英语句子都不能离开这五种基本句型,所以我们把它们谙熟于心是非常重要而且大有裨益的。这五种句型是:SV , SVC , SVO , SVOC , SVOiOd。其中S = Subject,也就是主语;V = Verbal phrase,也就是谓语部分;C = Complement ,表示跟在系动词之后的补语;O = Object,也就是句子的宾语,在最后一种句型中包括间接宾语和直接宾语。这五种句型的形成依靠的是谓语部分的动词的用法,动词的用法又是和它的意义不可分的。比如hit这个词,它的意思是挚骁,那么挚骁这个动作必须有一个执行者,就是主语。同时它还少不了一个受事者,也就是宾语,不然就产生不了完整的意义。而smile就不同了,它可以只有一个主语,而没有宾语。从这些简单的例子中我们可以看出谓语部分在句子中的极端重要性。我们在阅读句子的时候,第一个任务就是要找到谓语在什么地方。在阅读实践中,由于英语的很多单词都可以有不止一种词性,所以往往给辨认谓语动词带来一定的困难。下面请先作练习一,辨认句子中的谓语。

  2、并列句(compound sentence)

 英语的并列句一般情况下引不起巨大的阅读障碍,因为在分句之间往往有固定的连接词说明前后分句的关系。这样的连接词有以and为代表的表示意义延伸的并列连词、以or为代表的表示选择概念的并列连词、以but为代表的表示转折的并列连词和表示原因的for四个类型。第一种包括and, not only … but (also )…, neither ( nor) 。第二种包括or , either … or …;第三种包括but , while , whereas等。第四种只有一个for。对此我们分别举一个例句说明问题:

 (1)As is reported, a trade agreement was signed and a cultural exchange was arranged.

 (2)Not only is he himself interested in the subject but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.

 (3)Dr. Fisher neither loves the environment, nor is he accustomed to the weather.

 (4)The children can go with us , or they can stay at home.

 (5)You can either go it by yourself, or you can ask someone else to do it.

 (6)The young man has often been praised , but he is never conceited.

 (7)While our country has plenty of oil , theirs has none.

 (8)They want to live in town , whereas we would rather live in the country.

 (9)They arently he a good drainage system , for the streets never seem to flood after a downpour.

 有必要说明的是以上的关联词并非只能有一个含义,比如and就可以表示意义增补、动作先后、转折或让步、条件和结果等等一些用法。这里笔者只是提醒大家辨别从句,所以这方面的语言知识请参考相关的语法书。

 另外我们还应该把并列分句和并列结构(coordinate construction)区分开来。并列结构是由并列连词或者其他并列手段例如标点符号连接起来的语法结构序列,它包括并列分句,也包括并列的词或者词组。

  3、 从属句

 构成从属关系的复杂句包括名词性分句(Nominal Clauses)(可以作主语、宾语、同位语、主语补语)、关系分句(Relative Clauses)、状语分句(Adverbial Clauses)。对于它们的连接词,在相应的语法书上都不难找到,这里就不再多讲了。需要提醒读者的是,在判定句子的类型之后,最主要的工作就是分析简单句的成分,找到主句的谓语,真正抓住句子的纲领。下面请作练习二,首先辨认多重分句的类型,然后找出主句和从属分句的谓语。

 Laboratory scientists accustomed to noticing sule changes in the properties of substances they are investigating are douless better than you or I at certain sorts of observations.

 这里的主语是Laboratory scientists,但是后面跟了一个过去分词定语,其中分词中的介词又跟了一个-ing形式,-ing形式后又接了一个宾语和一个带有定语的状语。本句的谓语是are douless better than。

  4.英语的信息末端原则的应用

 在英语中,信息含量大的部分往往出现在句子的末尾。这个特点一方面造就了一些非正常语序的句子,另一方面可以给我们提供线索,帮助我们正确理解英语中的长句。我们知道,一个信息发出者要表达丰富的信息,离开从句是寸步难行的。可是不管句子结构多么复杂,基本的句型还是只有五种。下面我们可以通过逐一的分析,探讨英语难句形成的规律。对于SV结构,由于英语句子一般是末尾的信息含量大,所以这种句子往往难以构成阅读困难,至多是主语位置有定语从句或者同位语从句。例如:(例子)。SVO结构的难点在于主语和宾语都可以连接定语从句;SVC结构也难以构成较复杂的句子;SVOC结构如果出现长句,那么往往是补语被调整到宾语的前面;SVOO结构也要注意哪个是直接宾语,哪个是间接宾语。

 SVOC:People often let their fear of speaking up and earing more dull-witted than their peers interfere with their understanding.

 Derived from theoretical considerations and confirmed by observations, the velocity-distance law has made secure the concept of an expanding universe.

;

一道高中英语选择题

Above wers are good & in details. I just want to say: I want to sleep is correct but not a plete sentence. English speaking people would never say like that

such as: I ate dinner

I look movie

I want to sleep.... e

you should say: I had my dinner at home. I watched the movie with my brother John. I want to get some sleep. or: I am very sleepy

参考: self

It is perfectly fine with your simple sentence of "I want to sleep". It is short and you he made your point that you are sleepy. Sometimes you just don't need an object to create a plete sentence but the way you said might trigger some readers to ask you "why". It is a fine sentence but you still he a lot of rooms to make it better. Hope this help!

首先要讲的是,句型并不一定是SVO,又是可以是SVC,如 I am hy 而最简单的句型是SV,如: He came 再回到你的句子,I want to sleep,这句子的句型不错是SVO 而to sleep是不定词(to-infinitive),在这句作为受词(object) 不定词的应用非常广泛,可作主词,如: To know oneself is very difficult. 也可以作受词,如: They ceased to laugh. 甚至可以作形容词,副词等 所以,你的示句并非有两个动词 再者,并不是一句句子只有一个动词,就像plex sentence和pound sentence,因为是由两句子句组成,故可以有两个动词 与其说一句句子只有一个动词,不如说一句子句只有一个动词更为清楚。 希望帮到你! 2009-09-07 14:40:16 补充: 003所讲不可一概而论

就如 Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English(英文版)

在breakfast条下

就有一例 I never eat breakfast. 可见eat breakfast

eat lunch

eat dinner同是外国人用语 除非编写这字典的是中国人(看来机会微乎其微)

句子唔一定有object既

所以 "i want to sleep" is ok yes

each sentence can only he 1 verb

but u can put "to" in front of the 2nd verb

or make the 2nd verb in the form of "ing": e.g i like sleeping (i like to sleep)

i like shopping (i like to shop)...

详解英语四六级选词填空题

B." A cool rain was falling "是句子的主干成分,是简单的SVC结构," mixed with snow "可以看做是原因状语或者是伴随状语,实际上是" a cool rain was mixed with snow "省略主语和be动词之后,就是"mixed with snow",最后的"causing haevy traffic"是结果状语,也就是说雨夹雪引起了交通拥挤。句子还原下,就比较容易理解了: A cool rain was falling, and because it was mixed with snow, they caused hey traffic.

有关英语的基本句型

 历年来,四六级考试题型里的选词填空题都是得分最低的,由于分值低,得分率又不高,很多童鞋在考试时为了节省时间都会对它选择放弃。但是对于425分边缘以及想拿高分的小伙伴们来说。它的分值是多么的重要。那么如何才能提高此类题的得分率呢?我来为小伙伴们解读一下此类题,正所谓知己知彼,百战不殆嘛!

 其对于学生的 考察点 如下:

  (一)词汇理解题目考察学生对备选词汇的认知,包括词汇的词性、中文语义和常用搭配。

 做题时,学生应首先根据词性把15个备选单词进行分类归纳,如名词、动词、形容词、副词、各有几个选项。这样学生在选择时就可以根据空格中应填入的词性,大大缩小选择范围。一般来讲,选词填空经常被拿来和自此退出历史舞台的完形填空进行比较。实际上不管从出题思路还是题型难度上来说都是有一定区别的。完形填空给出的四个选项词性相同,词义接近,考生不必思考词性的问题。只需分辨词义即可,相对简单一些。而选词填空的15个备选词不仅难于完形的四个选项,而且分成名词、动词、形容词、副词四大类。另外还应多列出-ing和-ed两大类,因为这两类词词性比较复杂。-ing除了做形容词还可以是现在进行时。-ed除了谓语动词过去时还可能是形容词。所以这两类单独列出以便单独考虑。考生只有先确定词性,并判断空白处所缺的语法成分,才能做出初步的选择。首先学生必须能够对单词的词性有基本的辨别能力,决定单词词性的主要是单词的后缀。常见的词性后缀有:

  名词: -ment; -ance; -er/or; -ness;-ion; -ure

  形容词: -ed; -ive; -ous; -ful; -less; -ant/-ent; -ic/-ical/

  动词: -fy; -ate; -en;-ize

  副词: -ly; -ward

  (二)考察学生对句子结构和成分认知

 考生在分类选项词性后应回到原文中根据空格处在句子中做的成分判断其所填单词的词性。这实际上是考察学生对英语句子结构的认知。由此我们可以看出,学生应该对英语的几大基本句型有充分的认识。这几大基本句型即:

 主一动一补(SVC)结构;

 主一动(SV)结构;

 主一动一宾(SVO)结构;

 主一动一宾一宾(SVoO)结构;

 主一动~宾一补(SVOC)结构。

  主语和宾语:

 一般由名词或有名词功能的词(如代词;动名词;现在分词等)

 来担任。所以如果空白处缺少的是句子的主语部分,那么应结合语义在名词的备选项中选择答案。

  谓语:

 由动次担任,若缺少位于部分,应从动词类别中选择答案。这里要特别主语时态。

补语:

 一般由名词或者形容词来担任。

 特别要注意的是,在备选项中挑选时还应考虑-ing和-ed这两项。

 希望以上所说能给大家带来帮助,最后,预祝大家在四六级考试中取得理想的成绩!

英语五种基本句型列式如下:

基本句型一: S V (主+谓)

基本句型二: S V P (主+谓+表)

基本句型三: S V O (主+谓+宾)

基本句型四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)

基本句型五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)

基本句型 一

此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。

这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓

┃ S │ V (不及物动词) ┃

┠———————————————┼———————————————┨

┃1. The sun │was shining. ┃

┃2. The moon │rose. ┃

┃3. The universe │remains. ┃

┃4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. ┃

┃5. Who │cares? ┃

┃6. What he said │does not matter. ┃

┃7. They │talked for half an hour. ┃

┃8. The pen │writes smoothly ┃

1. 太阳在照耀着。 2. 月亮升起了。

3. 宇宙长存。 4. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

5. 管它呢? 6. 他所讲的没有什么关系。

7. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. 这支笔书写流利。

基本句型 二

此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。

┏━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓

┃ S │V(是系动词)│ P ┃

┠———————┼———————┼———————————————┨

┃1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.┃

┃2. The dinner │smells │good. ┃

┃3. He │fell │in love. ┃

┃4. Everything │looks │different. ┃

┃5. He │is growing │tall and strong. ┃

┃6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. ┃

┃7. Our well │has gone │dry. ┃

┃8. His face │turned │red. ┃

┗━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛

1. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. 午餐的气味很好。

3. 他堕入了情网。 4. 一切看来都不同了。

5. 他长得又高又壮。 6. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。

7. 我们的井干枯了。 8. 他的脸红了。

基本句型 三

此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。

┏━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓

┃ S │V(及物动词)│ O ┃

┠———————┼———————┼———————————————┨

┃1. Who │knows │the answer? ┃

┃2. She │smiled │her thanks. ┃

┃3. He │has refused │to help them. ┃

┃4. He │enjoys │reading. ┃

┃5. They │ate │what was left over. ┃

┃6. He │said │"Good morning." ┃

┃7. I │want │to he a cup of tea. ┃

┃8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. ┃

┗━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. 谁知道答案? 2. 她微笑表示感谢。

3. 他拒绝帮他们的忙。 4. 他喜欢看书。

5. 他们吃了剩饭。 6. 他说:“早上好!”

7. 我想喝杯茶。 8. 他承认犯了错误。

基本句型 四

此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。

通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。

┏━━━━┯━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━┓

┃ S │V(及物)│ o(多指人) │ O(多指物) ┃

┠————┼—————┼———————┼————————————┨

┃1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. ┃

┃2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. ┃

┃3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. ┃

┃4. He │denies │her │nothing. ┃

┃5. I │showed │him │my pictures. ┃

┃6. I │ge │my car │a wash. ┃

┃7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. ┃

┃8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. ┃

┗━━━━┷━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━┛

1. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。 2. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。

3. 他给你带来了一本字典。 4. 他对她什么都不拒绝。

5. 我给他看我的照片。 6. 我洗了我的汽车。

7. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。 8. 他教我开机器。

基本句型 五

此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还

不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。

┏━━━━┯━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━┓

┃ S │V(及物)│ O(宾语) │ C(宾补) ┃

┠————┼—————┼———————┼————————————┨

┃1. They │ointed │him │manager. ┃

┃2. They │painted │the door │green. ┃

┃3. This │set │them │thinking. ┃

┃4. They │found │the house │deserted. ┃

┃5. What │makes │him │think so? ┃

┃6. We │saw │him │out. ┃

┃7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. ┃

┃8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. ┃

┗━━━━┷━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━┛

1. 他们任命他当经理。 2. 他们把门漆成绿色。

3. 这使得他们要细想一想。 4. 他们发现那房子无人居住。

5. 他怎么会这样想? 6. 我们送他出去。

7. 他要我早点回来。 8. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。

但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短,这些句子除了基本句型的

成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而

加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是

各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。下面以基本句

型五为例:

We found the hall full.

我们发现礼堂坐满了。

We found the great hall full of students and teachers.

我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。

We found the great hall full of students and teachers listen-

ing to an important report.

我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重要报告。

We found the great hall full of students and teachers listen-

ing to an important report made by a comrade from the People's

Daily on current affairs in East Europe.

我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日报的一位同志作有关

东欧局势的重要报告。

不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样,因此在学习动词时,应掌握动词的类

型。以 get 为例:

He's getting angry. (S V C)

He got through the window. (S V M)

You'll get a surprise. (S V O)

He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C)

He got himself into trouble. (S V O M)

He got her a splendid present. (S V 0 O)

在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:

I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。(S V O M)

I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。 (S V O C)

I he to do something. 我得做点事。

I he something to do. 我有点事做。