1.麻烦做几道英语题急呀。。。在线等回答好的了马上纳给分谢谢~

2.几道英语高考题目,麻烦把语法点总结出来,还要分析句子结构!!!

3.英语句子结构问题

4.如何分析英语中一句子的结构,如名词作主语之类的?

5.英语语法的句型结构

6.英语句子结构分析

7.英语句子结构 英语句子结构有哪些

英语句子结构题目及答案_英语句子结构题目及答案解析

一、英语语句基本结构分析:

(一)主谓宾结构:

1、主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等.主语一般

在句首.注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!

eg: The boy comes from America.

He made a speech.

2、谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后.谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没

有宾语,形成主谓结构,

eg:We come.

Many changes took place in my home town.

注(以下这些词是不及物动词:表发生、出现的,如:take place, ear, hen, break out; 表来、去,如:com

e, go 等)

3、宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,

him,them等.除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语.

eg:I will do it tomorrow.

The boy needs a pen.

(二)主系表结构:

1、主语:同‘主谓宾’结构.

2、谓语:联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,he been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变

成,go变和感官动词如:feel, touch, hear, see等.其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词

或副词,既,不可能是宾语.

3、表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等.可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词.(1)当联系动词不是

be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别.

eg: He became a teacher at last.

His face turned red.

(2)感官动词多可用作联系动词

eg: He looks well.他面色好.

It sounds nice.这个听起来不错.

I feel good.我感觉好.

The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻.

例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy

(三)There be 结构:

There be 表示‘存在有’.这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆.

此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’

试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩.)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’.

二、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示.

定语通常位于被修饰的成分前.若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);

或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后.副词用作定语时须放在名词之后.

(一)形容词作定语:

The little boy needs a blue pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔.

(二)数词作定语相当于形容词:

Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔.

(三)形容词性物主代词或名词所有格作定语:

His boy needs Tom's pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔.

There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩.

(四)介词短语作定语:

The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔.

The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆.

There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩.

(五)名词作定语:

The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔.

副词作定语:

The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔.

不定式作定语:

The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔.

(六)分词(短语)作定语:

The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔.

(七)定语从句:

The boy who is reading needs a pen.那个在阅读的男孩需要一支钢笔.

三、状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目

的等

状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,

通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须

在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动

词、情态动词之后,动词之前.

有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教

室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地

点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.'

(一)副词(短语)作状语:

The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔.(程度状语)

The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔.(宾语较长则状语前

置)

The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔.(时间状

语)

(二)介词短语作状语:

In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔.(地点状语)

Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)

On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)

(三)分词(短语)作状语:

He sits there,asking for a pen.他坐在那儿要一支笔.(表示伴随状态)

Hing to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔.(原因状语)

(四)不定式作状语:

The boy needs a pen to do his homework.男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业.(目的状语)

(五)名词作状语:

Come this way!走这条路!(方向状语)

(六)状语从句:

时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,目的状语从句,比较状语从句,让步状语从句,

条件状语从句

四、直接宾语和间接宾语:

(一)特殊的同源宾语现象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.

(二)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示.这两个宾语通常一个指人,为

间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语.间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前.

一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语.

eg:Give me a cup of tea,please.

强调间接宾语顺序为:动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语.eg:Show this house to Mr.Smith.Mr.

五、宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分.宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复

合宾语.

(一)名词/代词宾格 + 名词

The war made him a soldier.战争使他成为一名战士.

(二)名词/代词宾格 + 形容词

New methods make the job easy.新方法使这项工作变得轻松.

(三)名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语

I often find him at work.我经常发现他在工作.

(四)名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式

The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户.

(五)名词/代词宾格 + 分词

I saw a cat running acrothe road.我看见一只猫跑过了马路.

六、同位语:同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语.如:

We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)

We all are students. (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)

七、独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结

构).

感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等.肯定词yes否定词no称呼语:称呼人的用语.插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I belie

ve,等.

如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.

情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,

等.

八、分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结

构.

例:错句:Studying hard,your score will go up.

正确:(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.

解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score . 显然做study的应是

人,不应是your score(分数). 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使

用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).

分词独立结构常省略being,hing been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.

如:

Game (being) over,he went home.

He stands there,book (being) in hand.

独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语.这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词

短语、副词或名词等.

如:

With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon.无事可做,他很快就睡着了.

The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose.老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜.(注意,此句on his nose不可省略!)

麻烦做几道英语题急呀。。。在线等回答好的了马上纳给分谢谢~

先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间,地点,原因状语.结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句.1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they he seen their heroes do in the movie.6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.(二)定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句:限定性定语从句:从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明,缺少它,则句义显得不完整,从句与先行词紧密相连.非限定性定语从句:对先行词进行补充说明,解释,它与先行词之间有逗号隔开.1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must he been three meters deep.3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience laud.(三)关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词,这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom.1. There was a man with whom I would he to work together and finally the manager of the company.2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.知识重点与难点(一)当先行词有最高级,序数词修饰,是不定代词,或是all, no, only等形式时,关系代词一般用that,而不能用which.1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.(二)当先行词是表示时间,地点,原因的词时,关系词用when, where, why 还有which, that1. I’m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn’t tell the truth to me.4. No one believes the reason that he ge us about his absence at the meeting.(三)定语从句的简化表达:1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question that is being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.说明:以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来:1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.说明:修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外,还可以用非谓语动词形式:doing短语,done短语,being done短语,to be done短语修饰.其结构和意思如下:1. 被修饰名词+doing短语: 正在做….的人/正在发生的事.2. 被修饰名词+ done短语: 被…..的人/事3. 被修饰名词+being done短语:正在被…..的人/事4. 被修饰名词+ to be done短语:将要被…..的人/事(1)Do you know the man talking to my sister ?(2)The “crazy” gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you he a phone call” in Brazil.(3)Did you see that car being repaired ?(4)In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.(5)The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.(6)Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.(7)The Yellow River, said to be “the mother river” runs across China like a huge dragon.总结:以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词,不定式的各种形式作定语.1. 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面.如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语,则可以放在被修饰名词前面.2. 分词作定语时,其动作应与全句动作同时发生.V-ing表示主动意义和正在做,V-ed表示被动意义.being done表示正在被做的3. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的,to be done表示将要被做的典型例题[例1] Friendship is needed by all, _____ plays an important role in people’s lives.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. it分析:_____ plays an important role in people’s lives为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词Friendship用which连接定语从句.答案:A[例2] Uncle Li _____ I worked three years ago has retired now.A. whoB. whom C. with whomD. to whom分析:_____ I worked three years ago作为定语从句修饰先行词Uncle Li,从句完整的表达是:I worked with Uncle Li three years ago. 所以关系词前应加上介词with.答案:C[例3] Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ?A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explainedD. why he explained分析:定语从句_____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work修饰先行词the reason指“他在会上就他工作中的粗心解释的原因.先行词在从句中做宾语.答案:A[例4] Teachers, _____ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before.A. who B. that C. whichD. whose分析:非限定性定语从句_____ work is rather hard修饰先行词teachers, 它与从句中的work是从属关系,关系词用whose答案:D[例5 ] The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 BC, didn’t included women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing分析:公元前776年被首次举行的奥运会,直到1912年才容纳女运动员._____in 776 BC做定语修饰The Olympic Games,指过去的内容,表示被动.用done做定语.答案:C[例6] The houses _____ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.A. built B. to be built C. to buildD. being built分析:根据句意房子即将开工._____ for the teachers and the construction work修饰The houses应为The houses The houses将要为教师和施工修建的房子.答案:B[例7] How many of us_____, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?A. attendedB. attendingC. to attendD. he attended分析:根据句意:比如说,我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢?_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us修饰How many of us做定语.与全句动作同步.答案:B[例8] She has three children, _____ is working in Australia.A. whoB. one of whom C. one of them D. none of them分析:非限定性定语从句__ is working in Australia修饰先行词three children,根据从句中的is判断,是说:三个孩子中的一个在澳大利亚工作.答案:B模拟试题1. Susan is the very girl _____ the good deed.A. whom I think didB. whom I think she didC. who I think didD. I think who did2. Luckily, the poor boy had enough money _____ he could buy a train ticket.A. by whichB. on whichC. with whichD. for which3. The book _____ he devoted much time is to come out next month.A. whereB. whichC. to whichD. on which4. The day came finally _____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play.A. whenB. in that C. whichD. in which5. 1. Don’t you think the question _____ tomorrow is of great importance.A. being discussedB. discussedC. to be discussedD. to discuss6. The food _____ at the moment is for the dinner party.A. cookedB. to be cooked C. is being cookedD. being cooked7. Do you know the teacher _____ under the big tree ?A. readB. readsC. readingD. being read试题答案1. C Susan 正是我认为作了好事的那位女孩.先行词the very girl在从句中做think的宾语,同时又是后面宾语从句did the good deed.的主语,所以关系词不能用whom2. C 定语从句_____ he could buy a train ticket.修饰先行词money:用这笔钱买火车票.关系词前面需要加介词:with3. C定语从句_____ he devoted much time意思是:他把大量的时间都投入在这本书上了.devote….to sth.关系词前加介词:to4. A 定语从句_____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play修饰先行词the day :先行词the day在从句中做时间状语:在这一天我得到了扮演一个角色的机会.5. C 短语_____ tomorrow做定语修饰the question,根据表达的内容:明天即将被讨论的问题.应当用不定式的被动结构做定语.6. D 短语_____ at the moment做the food的定语,表示:正在做的食物.Being done 做定语表示:正在被……的…….7. C 现在分词短语reading under the big tree做定语修饰the teacher 表示:正在大树下看书的那位老师.情态动词1. 情态动词的推测表达2. 情态动词表达虚拟语气3. 某些情态动词的特殊用法知识重点与难点总结知识重点:情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用:(一)用情态动词表达事实的推测.can,could,might,may,must可以用来表达对事实的推测.根据说话人对事实的把握性大小,must表示“肯定…”,may / might / can / could表示“可能……”, must只用于肯定句中,may / might的否定式may not / might not表示 “可能不……”, 而can / could可以用于疑问句,表示“可能,可能……吗?”,其否定式can’t / couldn’t 表示“不可能”.用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推测.对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构.(二)对现在的事实进行推测:主要结构:…must / may / might +动词原形be+名词/形容词/介词短语be + doing例句:1. You must be Jeanne. I’m Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well.2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.3. The teacher must be joking.4. Freda isn’t in class. She must be sick.5. There must be something wrong.6. She might be very clever, but she hasn’t got much common sense.7. He may be arriving this evening.8. He may be treling around the world.9. The keys can’t be in the room. I he just searched it very carefully.10. Can the news be true ?(三)对过去的事实进行推测:结构:情态动词+he done / been+名词/形容词/介词短语例句:1. Mrs. Longmans must he been a pretty girl in her youth.2. He couldn’t he seen Anna yesterday. She’s gone abroad.3. I think I must he left my glasses in the library.4. He might he overslept again.5. Where can Tom he gone ?情态动词表达虚拟语气:表达“本来…”,“不然早就…”.这是情态动词的一种虚拟语气用法.表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反.表达了说话人的埋怨,后悔的语气.其结构是在一些情态动词后面加 he done 结构.根据要表达的意思

几道英语高考题目,麻烦把语法点总结出来,还要分析句子结构!!!

1. Seldomdo I fall asleep after midnight.

2. Hardly ever does he agree with her.

3. Never will I forget the wonderful people I he met here.

4. Scarcely ever does the mail arrive before noon.

5. Rarely do we go to movies.

6. Added to the list is a new high-rise which could rival the highest in New York.

7. Few were the days when she was not in some emotional distress.

8. Under no circumstance can the money be refunded.

1. 倒装句之全部倒装

全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见结构:

 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

  There goes the bell.

  Then came the chairman.

  Here is your letter.

 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.

Ahead sat an old woman.

 注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

Here he comes.   Away they went.

2. 倒装句之部分倒装

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。

 1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。

Never he I seen such a performance.

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother lee the room.

 当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。

注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装。

I he never seen such a performance.

The mother didn't lee the room until the child fell asleep.

典型例题 1) ---Why can't I smoke here? ---At no time___ in the meeting-room.

A. is smoking permitted  B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit

答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时,其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, notonly, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.

A. man did know  B. man know  C. didn't man know  D. did man know

 答案D.  看到Not until…的句型,我们知道为一倒装句,答案在C,D 中选一个。

 改写为正常语序为,Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。

3. 以否定词开头作部分倒装

如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than

  Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.

  Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

  No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

典型例题: No sooner___ than it began to rain heily.

A. the game began    B. has the game begun C. did the game begin    D. had the game begun

答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时,一般用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。

注意:只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构。

  Not only you but also I am fond of music.

4. so, neither, nor作部分倒装 表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。    

Tom can speak French. So can Jack.

If you won't go, neither will I.

典型例题: ---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don't know, _____.

 A. nor don't I care  B. nor do I care  C. I don't care neither  D. I don't care also

答案:B. nor为增补意思"也不关心",因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定, C. neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。

  注意: 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。

  Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.

  ---It's raining hard.   ---So it is.

5. only在句首要倒装的情况

Only in this way, can you learn English well.

  Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

  如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装

  Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

6. as, though 引导的倒装句

as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。

注意:1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。

2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

注意: 让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用。

7. 其他部分倒装

1)  so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时,需倒装。 So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中:  May you all be hy.

3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,取部分倒装。 Were I you, I would try it again.

英语句子结构问题

第一题选C,其实就是一个并列句,与considering并列,中间加了一个介词b宾语从句。

第二题选B;后面有一个by可以说明这是一个被动形式。这又是一个非谓语,真正的谓语是spreads。

第三题选B;被发现正在学习平衡。

第四题选B;drinking作主语。一般只有动名词和不定式才可以做主语的。前面的something as simple as可以当之不存在。

如何分析英语中一句子的结构,如名词作主语之类的?

1. 这是一个名词短语,中心词是 things, 而three, in life 以及that 引出的从句都做 things 的定语。

2. 由 that 引出的定语从句又是一个带有 once gone 这样一个时间状语的复合句。

3. 夏日使者 说的不错,once gone 是一个由 once they are gone 省略而成的时间状语。你问到为什么该状语的前后为什么有逗号。之所以有逗号,是因为这个状语前移了。如上所说,句中 that 一词引出的是个定语从句。既然如此,我们应该不难看出,that 本身又做从句的主语: that never came back home。根据这样的分析,我们又不难看出,那个 once gone 是可以放在从句句末的:that never came back home,once gone。我们知道,一般情况下句子的主语与谓语之间是没有停顿的,可是由于那个 once gone 移到了 that 和 never came back home之间,读这个句子时在once gone的前后就有了短暂的停顿,以表示这个once gone是移来的,到了书面语中,就有了表示那两处停顿的两个逗号。当然,如果口头说这句子速度快,听不出来明显的停顿,那么书面语中不加逗号,也不能算错。

希望我已解释清楚。

英语语法的句型结构

句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。1)主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首。如:Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends.(我们是朋友)这两句话中单词students是个名词,we是代词,它们在句中做主语。 2)谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。如: Students study. (学生学习。)We are friends. (我们是朋友)这两句话中单词study和are都是动词,study叫做实意动词,are叫做be动词,它们在句中作谓语。3)宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如:They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。)I play with him. (我和他一起玩。)这两句话中单词teachers是名词,单词him是带词,它们在句中作宾语。4)定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如:This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.)He is a tall boy.(他是个高个子男孩。)这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词,它们作定语。5)状语是用来说明动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如:The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。)I often write to him. (我常给他写信。)The bag is too hey. (这个书包太重了。)这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词,第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词,它们都作状语。6)表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如:This table is long. (这个桌子是长的。)通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语,谓语前的成分是状语,时间词作状语放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下:(定语) 主语 (状语) 谓语 (定语) 宾语 (状语)如:(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.(The hy) child --- went (his) home yesterday. 请分析下面句子的结构说出各个成分1)I he two elder sisters. (我有两个姐姐。)2) They don't swim very well.(他们游泳不太好。)3) Do you go to school every day? (你每天去上学吗?)4) I really want a cup of tea.(我真的想要一杯茶。) 5) Miss Smith teaches English very well.(史密斯先生教英语非常好。)语法其实并没有一些人想象的那么可怕,其实里面有很多趣味。 第一讲 英语句子成分WARM-UP:1)The teacher in the classroom. 2)Sang many songs and danced hily. 3)She attracts. 4)Many people living in the country. 5)All the books on the desk over there.以上这些形式都不能构成英语句子。英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语(核心:主动词)英语句子成分歌英语句子八呀八大块, 主谓宾表真呀真实在;补语跟着宾语表语跑, 定语同位(语)专把名词踹。状语的位置它自由自在, 忽右忽左随心所欲摆。浑身的毛病真呀真不少, 前后乱窜它还会加塞。(RAP)I.八大成分的概念和构成1.主语(名词代词形):句子的主体,是谓语陈述,说明的对象。If you want the rainbow you he to put up with the rain.不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹。The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始,并要坚持不断磨练。充当主语的形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)名词从句5)数词6)不定式7)-ing形式8)介词短语(少见) 形式主语(名词从句,不定式,动名词)(见第六讲主语和宾语)2.谓语:表示主语的行为或进行的活动。I he a dream.You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want.所需之物未必皆所欲,所欲未必皆所需。谓语形式:动词(英语句子的灵魂)3.宾语:行为或活动的对象,接受者或受影响者。You don’t find opportunities…you make them.你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。You probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.如果你常开着电视,你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。充当宾语形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)名词从句5)数词6)不定式7)-ing形式 形式宾语(名词从句,不定式,动名词)(见第六讲主语和宾语)4.表语:说明主语的身份和情况。(跟在系动词后)Time is money.Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.你想做什么事,三点钟总是太早或太迟。构成形式:1)名词2)形容词3)代词4)数词5)不定式6)ing形式7)过去分词8)副词9)介词短语10)小品词11)名词从句5.补语:补充说明。(由动词类别来决定)构成形式:1)名词2)代词3)形容词4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)过去分词8)介词短语9)副词小品词10)名词从句主语补语Tom was made monitor.宾语补语I made Tom monitor.表语补语I am sure to succeed.6. 定语:对名词性形式进行范围限定。7. This is beautiful music.There are only two kinds of music…good and bad.自古音乐分两种,好的和坏的。构成形式:1)限定词2)形容词3)名词4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)过去分词8)介词短语9)副词10)关系从句8. 同位语:对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.构成形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)名词从句9. 状语:修饰词,短语,从句和整句。位置:自由自在。1)修饰性状语:修饰动词,形容词,副词等(时间,地点,肯定,否定,程度,频度,方式,伴随,原因,目的,比较等)。Can you feel the love tonight?Home never looks so good as when you come back from getting away from it.只有出走又回家时,家才最感亲切。2)连接性状语:连接上下文(顺序,递进,转折,让步,结果,推论,比较)。First comes spring, then summer.I’ve never been to America, therefore I don’t know much about it.3)评述性状语:修饰整个句子,表示说话人的看法或态度。Frankly speaking, the food is not very good.II.成分关系1.补语跟着宾语表语跑:补语跟在宾语和补语的后面构成宾补和表补。把有宾补的句子变成被动语态,则宾补就变成了主补。To love others makes us hy…to love ourselves makes us lonely.(宾补)We are made hy to love others…we are made lonely to love ourselves.(主补)爱他人使我们幸福,在自己使我们孤单。2.定语,同位(语)专把名词踹:定语,同位语修饰名词性形式Experience is the best teacher.(被定语所修饰的形式为名词)They are going to Melbourne, the beautiful city in southern Australia.(同位语所修饰的形式为名词)3.谓语动词由状语修饰When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, but you won’t come up with a handful of sand either.你想摘下天上的星星,可能一个也摘不下;但也不会一无所获。1、主语:(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。如:The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。) / They fought against SARS brely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。如:It is very comfortable to he a Class A seat during the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。)(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略:(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。)/ (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系。) / (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。)(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词:The man looks worried,doesn’t he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗?) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗?)(5)祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来。)(6)主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾;倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。如:Computers are made in this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂。) / Where are they? (他们在哪儿?) / Does the boy like staying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗?)(7)主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and bre people. (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)(8)主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”。2、谓语:(1)由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。如:He trelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?) / The pizza has gone bad. (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) / (2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成:[情态动词]+[时态助动词]+[语态助动词]+[主要动词](不一定全部出现)。(见动词的时态和语态构成表) 记住:谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如:I am sorry I am making so much noise but I he to. (对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。) / He can’t he finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (该取措施防止禽流感蔓延。) (3)谓语动词切忌用“行为动词1 + 原形动词”、“be + 原形动词”。记住使用下列正确形式:①情态动词+原形动词。如:You’d better go over the lesson.(你最好复习这一课。)②shall/ will/ would+原形动词。如:They should he been there once.(他们应该去过那儿。)③be+现在分词或者过去分词。如:What are you doing this evening?(今晚你打算做什么?)/ Many trees he been cut down since 10s.(自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐。)④he+过去分词。如:Many trees he been cut down since 10s.(意思同上)⑤一般时问句和否定句中:do/does/did+原形动词。如:He does not enjoy himself very much.(他日子过的不好。)/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?(你们当中有谁见过恐龙蛋吗?)⑥行为动词1+行为动词2 (不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式)。如:He made up his mind to be a vet.(他拿定主意要做个兽医。)/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.(自尊自爱是享受生活的根本。)/ They wake up the other family members, calling,“Merry Christmas!”(他们叫醒家庭的其他成员,呼喊着:圣诞快乐!)/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.(古代的埃及国王让人给他们自己修建坚固的坟墓。) (4)不可用形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等独立作谓语,必须在此之前加连系动词。(5)谓语动词单复数形式:单数形式的动词有:is,was,has,does以及“动词+s”;复数形式的动词有:are,were,he以及动词原形。其他动词不分单、复数。谓语部分第一个动词的形式单数形式复数形式

英语句子结构分析

句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 基本形式:简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来,如五大基本句型:

(1)主语+谓语(s.+predicate)

这种句型简称为主谓结构,其谓语一般都是不及物动词,例:

Things change.事物是变化的。

Nobody went.没有人去。

--Did you go by sea?你们走的是海路吗?

--NO,we flew.不,我们是飞去。

(2)主语+系动词+表语(s.+link v.+predicative)

这种句型称为主系表结构,其实联系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词,系动词与表语一起构成了复合谓语,例:

Mr. Turner is an artist.特纳先生是位画家。

(3)主语+谓语+宾语(s.+predicate+o.)

这种句型可称为主谓宾结构,它的谓语一般多是及物动词,例:

We never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。

(4)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(s.+predicate+oi.+od.)

这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构,其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词,两个宾语一个是间接宾语,一个是直接宾语,例:

He ge the book to his sister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。

(5)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(s.+predicate+o.+o.c.)

这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构,其补语是宾语补语,与宾语一起即构成复合宾语,例:

I found the book easy.我发现这本书不难。(形容词easy作补语)

I'll let him go.我将让他去。(不定式go用作补语)

注意:有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语,甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语,这样的句子仍然是简单句,例:

China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.中国和东亚其它国家正在迅速地发展。(China and other countries并列主语)

Mr. Wang and I often work together and help each other.王先生和我常在一起工作互相帮助。 复杂句(Complex Sentence)由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。

主句是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在;从句则是一个句子成分,不能独立存在。

从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,就像一个句子一样。所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词(connective)引导。

从句

名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

主语从句

作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。例如:

What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。

如果what-分句本身明显表示复数意义,比如what分句的动词和补语都是复数,那么主句动词也可用复数。

如:What I say and think are none of your business.(我说的和我想的都与你无关。)注意:当what引导的名词性分句作主语时,主谓一致问题极为复杂。著名学者周海中教授在论文《关于what-分句作主语的主谓一致问题》中就这一问题做了深入研究,并给出了10种的主谓一致关系。这些一致关系值得英语学习者和使用者特别注意。

有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:

⑴It + be + 名词+ that从句

⑵It + be + 形容词+ that从句

⑶It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句

⑷It +不及物动词+ that 从句

另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:

It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …

It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

宾语从句

名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。

1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如:

He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。

注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, dou等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。例如:

I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。

2.用who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如:

I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。

3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:

a. 引导主语从句并在句首时;b. 引导表语从句时;c. 引导从句作介词宾语时;d. 从句后有“or not”时;e. 后接动词不定式时。例如:

Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。

4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用

不同时态。例如:

he studies English every day. (从句用一般现在时)

he studied English last term. (从句用一般过去时)

I know (that) he will study English next year. (从句用一般将来时)

he has studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时)

当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。例如:

The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.

5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如:

We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。

I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。

表语从句

在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于联系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语+ 系动词+ that从句。例如:

The fact is that we he lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。

This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。

That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。

It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。

需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如:

The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.

注意whether 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。

同位语从句

同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、dou、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:

The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

I he no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。

同位语从句和定语从句的区别:

that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。

试比较下面两个例句:

I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)

He you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)

其他从句

that从句

5.1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:

主语:That she is still alive is her luck. 她还活着全靠运气。

宾语:John said that he was leing for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。

表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是最近谁也没有见过他。

同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.

最近谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。

形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.

你对工作满意我感到很高兴。

5.2)That-从句做主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个注定要失败。

It's a pity that you should he to lee. 你非走不可真是件憾事。

用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:

a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句

It is necessary that… 有必要……

It is important that… 重要的是……

It is obvious that… 很明显……

b. It + be + -ed分词+ that-从句

It is believed that… 人们相信……

It is known to all that… 众所周知……

It has been decided that… 已决定……

c. It + be +名词+ that-从句

It is common knowledge that… ……是常识

It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……

It is a fact that… 事实是……

d. It +不及物动词+ that-从句

It ears that… 似乎……

It hens that… 碰巧……

It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……

wh-从句

6.1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:

主语:How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。

直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。

间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.

俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。

表语:My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会职位。

宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。

同位语: I he no idea when he will return.

我不知道他什么时候回来。

形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。

介词宾语:That depends on where we shall go.

那取决于我们去哪儿。

6.2)Wh-从句做主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:

It is not yet decided who will do that job.

还没决定谁做这项工作。

It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。

if,whether从句

7.1)yes-no型疑问从句

从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同, 例如:

主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一是否可行还有等证实。

宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。

表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。

同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。

形容词宾语:She's douful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。

介词宾语:I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。

7.2)选择性疑问从句

选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…or not构成,例如:

Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。

I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该。

if和whether的区别:

1、 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。如:

例8 I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。

2、 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如:

例9 I want to know whether it’s good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。

3 、在介词后,只能用whether。如:

例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。

4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether。如:

Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know. 这是否真的,我真的不知道。

(例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。--此例为主语从句,有误,感谢指出)

5、用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如:

例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer

这句话有两种意思:“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗?”或“如果你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗?”。如用whether可避免歧义。

形容词性从句

定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

含义:在定语的位置上是个句子。

why

关系副词why主要用于修饰表原因的名词(主要是the reason),同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。如:

We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来。

She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer. 她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因。

与关系副词when和where不同,why可以换成that或省略。如:

That’s one of the reasons (why, that) I asked you to come. 这就是我请你来的原因之一。

另外,与关系副词when和where可以引导非限制性定语从句不一样,why只能引导限制性定语从句,不能引导非限制性定语从句。如:

他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。

误:The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank.

正:The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.

when

关系副词when主要用于修饰表时间的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。如:

There comes a time when you he to make a choice. 你必须作出抉择的时候到了。

Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。

We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期,那时天气可能会好一点。

注意不要一见到先行词为时间名词,就以为一定要用关系副词when来引导定语从句,同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作时间状语,就用when;如果在定语从句中不是用作时间状语,而是用作主语或宾语,那就不能用when,而要用that, which等。如:

Don’t forget the time (that, which) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。

关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作动词told的宾语,正因为是用作宾语,所以也可以省略。

where

关系副词where主要用于修饰表地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。如:

This is the village where he was born. 这就是他出生的村子。

That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。

Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus.巴巴拉在奥伯里工作,每天得坐公共汽车去上班。

与前面when的情况一样,注意不要一见到先行词为地点名词,就以为一定要用关系副词where来引导定语从句,同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作地点状语,就用where;如果在定语从句中不是用作地点状语,而是用作主语或宾语,那就不能用where,而要用that, which等。如:

He works in a factory that [which] makes TV sets. 他在一家电视机厂工作。

关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作主语。

另外注意,where有时还可用于抽象名词后引导定语从句。如:

We he reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。

There are cases where the word “mighty”is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下,mighty一词可用作副词。

He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。

I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐办公桌前的工作。

英语句子结构 英语句子结构有哪些

简单句的句子结构,有5种。

一:S+V (主+谓)

二:S+V+P (主+系+表)

三:S+V+O (主+谓+宾)

四:S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

五:S+V+DO+OC (主+谓+宾+宾补)

1. 主 + 谓(S+V)

“主语+谓语”

名词/代词/不定式/动名词 + 动词

谓语动词可以表达完整的意思,这类动词为不及物动词(vi)。

如果不理解什么是不及物动词,请移步

例句:

So?I?do, master. (Pat a cake)

Little Robin?chirped?and?sang.(Robin Redbreast)

2.主+系+表(S+V+P)

主语 +系动词 +表语

表语说明主语的状态和性质,可以是名词,形容词,副词,短语等。

系动词包括:

a. be 动词,am, is, are, was, were;

b. 表感官:feel, smell, sound, taste, look;

c. 表变化:become, grow, turn, go, get, fall;

d. 表状态:remain, keep, hold, stay, seem.

例句:

I'm?always?alone. (Little Jumping Joan)

The storms?grow?stronger.?(Lightening Days)

He?was?so?small. (Jerry Hall)

3. 主+谓+宾(S+V+O)

主语+谓语+宾语

谓语一般为及物动词(vt.),后面必须要跟宾语才能表达完整的意思。宾语是谓语动词动作的承受者。

例句:

They broke?my pitcher,?and?spilt?the water,?and?huffed?my mother,?and?chid?her?daughter,?and?kissed?my sister?instead of me. (A Melancholy Song)

I?met?a man?with seven wives. (Going to ST.ives)

We'll?he?a pudding?in half an hour. (Come out to Play)

March winds?and?April showersbring?forth?May flowers. (March winds)

(感谢?

@祁思言

的指正,这句应该放这里)

4. 主+谓+间宾+直宾

S+V+IO+O

这种句型,谓语动词必须要跟两个宾语才能表达完整意思。两个宾语分别是动作的直接承受者(一般是物)和间接承受者(一般是人)。

e.g.,

give sb sth = give sth to sb

tell sb sth = tell sth to sb

例句:

I'll?give?you?some bread,?and?some milk?by-and-by. (Baby Dolly)

She?passed him the salt. (感谢?

@elephant dick

的提醒,之前的例句放错了换成这个)

I'll?tell?you?a?story?about Jack-a-Nory. (I'll Tell You a Story)

5. 主+谓+宾+宾补

S+V+O+OC

此种情况,动词虽然跟了宾语,但句子意思不完整,需要跟上一个补足语,对宾语进行解释说明,句子意思才能完整通顺。

例句:

He'll sit in a barn, and?keep?himself?warm. (The Robin)

Three?straws?on a staff would?make?a?baby?cry and laugh.?(Three Straws)

I?had a little boy, and?called?him?Blue Bell. (Blue Bell Boy)

1、英语基本句型结构主要有:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)、Subject(主语)+Link. V(系动词)+Predicate(表语)、Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Object(宾语)等。

2、主谓结构:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语),谓语动词均为不及物动词,后面不跟宾语,但可以跟时间、地点、方式等状语。

例句:

The rain has stopped.雨停了。

The sun rises.太阳升起来了。

You will success.你会成功的。

3、主谓宾结构:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Object(宾语),这里的谓语动词是及物动词,后面必须跟宾语。

例句:

She cooked her hushand a delicious meal.她给她丈答夫做了一顿美味的饭。

The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。

4、主系表结构:ubject(主语)+Link. V(系动词)+Predicate(表语),常见动词有:be(是),become(成为),look(看上去),get(变得),turn(变得),grow(成为,变得),come(变得),ear(显得),sound(听起来),smell(闻起来)等。

例句:

They seem to be hungry.他们似乎饿了。

They look tired and thirsty.他们看起来又累又渴。

He looks handsome.他看上去很帅。

5、主谓宾+宾补结构:此结构中谓语动词为及物动词或短语,补足语可以是为名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、不定式。

例句:We keep the classroom clean.我们保持教室干净。

6、主谓+间宾+直宾结构:此结构中谓语动词为及物动词或短语,其后接直接(sb.)和间接(sth)两个宾语。

例句:Her father handed her a letter.她爸爸给她买了一本词典。