1.几道英语的句子成分划分的作业

2.英语句子成分划分详解 关于英语句子成分划分详解

3.英语句子的组成部分的解析

4.求英语句子成分详解。我想学语法

5.求下列英语句子的成分分析!!!大神进!!!

英语句子成分划分例题及答案解析大全_英语句子成分划分练习

1、主语+谓语 例:I am singing.

2、主语+谓语+宾语 例:She likes watching TV.

3、主语+谓语+表语 例:It looks beautiful.

4、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 例:Sandy ge the dog some food.

5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 例:We call her Millie.

扩展资料

英语中主要的句子成分:

1、主语

主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme),是句子所述说的主体.它的位置一般在一句之首.可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。

A mooncake is a delicious,round cake.

月饼是一种美味的圆饼

2、谓语

谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后.谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成。

It is used by trelers and business people all over the world.?

它被全世界旅行者和商业人员使用。

3、表语

表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。

My work is teaching English,

我的工作是教英语。

4、宾语

宾语是谓语动作所涉及的对象,它是动作的承受者,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任,宾语一般放在谓语动词后面。

We think you are right.

我们认为你是对的。

5、定语

用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。

The TV set made in that factory is very good.

那个工厂生产的电视机很好。

几道英语的句子成分划分的作业

英语句子成分结构详解

定语 | 状语 | 宾语 | 补语 | 同位语 | 独立成分 | 分词独立结构

一、英语语句基本结构分析:

>> 主谓宾结构:

主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!

谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.

宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等

例:The boy needs a pen.主语the boy,谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式),宾语a pen.

>> 主系表结构:

主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。

联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,he been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变成,go变。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语。

表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别。

感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻

例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy

>> There be 结构:

There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。

此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’

试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。

二、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 返回

定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。

形容词作定语:

The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。

Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。

There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。

数词作定语相当于形容词:Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。

The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。

There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。

代词或名词所有格作定语:

His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。

His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。

There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。

介词短语作定语:

The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。

The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。

名词作定语:

The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。

It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。

There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。

副词作定语:

The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。

不定式作定语:

The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。

There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。

分词(短语)作定语:

The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。

The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。

There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。

定语从句:

The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。

The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。

There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。

三、状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。 返回

状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。

有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.\'

副词(短语)作状语:

The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)

The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)

The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)

The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)

介词短语作状语:In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语)

Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)

On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)

分词(短语)作状语:

He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)

Hing to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)

Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿。(原因状语)

不定式作状语:

The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)

To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.

名词作状语:

Come this way!/走这条路!(方向状语)

状语从句:

时间状语从句

地点状语从句

原因状语从句

结果状语从句

目的状语从句

比较状语从句

让步状语从句

条件状语从句

四、直接宾语和间接宾语: 返回

>>>特殊的同源宾语现象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。

一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea,please.

强调间接宾语顺序为:动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。如:Show this house to Mr.Smith.

若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。如:Bring it to me,please.

五、宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。 返回

名词/代词宾格 + 名词

The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.

名词/代词宾格 + 形容词

New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.

名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语

I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.

名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式

The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户.

名词/代词宾格 + 分词

I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.

六、同位语: 返回

同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:

We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)

We all are students. / (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)

七、独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。 返回

感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。

肯定词yes

否定词no

称呼语:称呼人的用语。

插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。

如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.

情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等。

八、分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。 返回

例:

错句:Studying hard,your score will go up.

正确:(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.

解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score . 显然做study的应是人,不应是your score(分数). 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).

分词独立结构常省略being,hing been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.

如:

Game (being) over,he went home.

He stands there,book (being) in hand.

独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。

如:

With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./无事可做,他很快就睡着了。

The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜。(注意,此句on his nose不可省略!)

英语句子成分划分详解 关于英语句子成分划分详解

1.(Seeing) (is) (believing). 主语 谓语 宾语 2.(All of us) (like) (Kobe Bryant) (very much). 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 3.(She) (become) (a doctor) (in 1998). 主语 谓语 宾语 时间状语 4.(The books) (lying on the floor) (are) (mine).(这是个定语从句) 主语 定语 谓语 宾语 5.(Suddenly) (it) (began to rain).(这是个倒装句) 状语 主语 宾语 6.To catch the train,i got up early yesterday.(这是个目的状语从句) (I) (got up) (early) yesterday.是主句 主语 谓语 宾语 To catch the train.是从句(目的状语从句) (To catch) (the train),(i) (got up) (early) yesterday. 不定式作非谓语 宾语 主语 谓语 宾语 7.(I) always (find) (her) (hy). 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 8.He wonders if i still study english.(这是个条件状语从句) If (i) still (study) (english).这是个条件状语从句 主语 谓语 宾语 (He) (wonders) (if i still study english). 主语 谓语 条件状语从句 9.The letter which i received the day before yesterday was from a friend of mine. (这个句子里既有定语从句 又有状语从句) which i received 作 the letter 的定语 修饰 the letter the day before yesterday 作 received 的时间状语 修饰 received (The letter) (which i received) (was) from (a friend of mine).这个句子是个定语从句 主语 定语 谓语 宾语 (I) (received) (the letter) (the day before yesterday).这个句子是个时间状语从句 主语 谓语 宾语 时间状语 (The letter) (which i received) (the day before yesterday)(was) from (a friend of 主语 定语 时间状语 谓语 宾语 mine).

英语句子的组成部分的解析

1、句子成分的名称及划分符号名称:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。

(1)主语。主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。 he likes watching tv.他喜欢看电视。

(2)谓语。谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。 一般可分为两类:1)简单谓语 由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。we study for the people.我们为人民学习。2)复合谓语:情态动词+不定式 i can speak a little english.我可以说一点英语。

(3)表语。表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。 my sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。

(4)宾语。宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。we like english.我们喜欢英语。有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。he ge me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如: we make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。

(5)定语。在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。 he is a new student.他是个新生。但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。the bike in the room is mine.房间里的自行车是我的。

(6)状语。修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 he lives in london。

2、英语句子成分口诀:

(1)主谓宾定状补,句子成分要清楚。句子主干主谓宾,枝叶部分定状补。定语用在主宾前,谓前为状谓后补。还有助词的地得,帮助区分定状补。

(2)组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。

求英语句子成分详解。我想学语法

Different parts of a sentence概念句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的.组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分.句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语.主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分.其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分.▲句子成分分类1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”.一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象.大多数主语都在句首.如:讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job.从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物.▲ 在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间.如:There are some bottles of milk in the box.▲ 在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语.如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house.2.谓语谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致.如:He is very generous.She looks very smart and coolWe he finished the job.He can speak German.3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面. 形容词作表语You look younger than before. 名词作表语 My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here.介词短语作表语They are at the theatre.不定式作表语My job is to teach them English.动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.4.宾语▲宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当,它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么,通常放在谓语动词后面.有时,会有双宾语.如:名词作宾语He never forgives others for their mistakes.代词做宾语He often helps me.不定式作宾语He likes to sleep in the open air.动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed living in China.从句做宾语I believe that they can finish the work in time.▲直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语,宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语是及物动词的对象.但有些动词除了直接宾语外,还需要有一个间接宾语,间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的,所以只能用名词或代词来充当.如:We brought them some food.主 谓 间宾 直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面,但必须加to 或 for.5.宾语的补足语 在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思.我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语.复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思.名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.如:名词作宾补If you let me go, I’ll make you king.形容词作宾补Don’t make your hands dirty.副词作宾补We found Li Ming out when we arrived.介词短语作宾补Make yourself at home.省略to的不定式作宾补I saw a girl go into the building.带to的不定式作宾补The boy ordered the dog to lie down.现在分词作宾补The boss kept them working all day.过去分词作宾补Yesterday he got his leg broken.在英语中,常见的“宾语+宾语补足语”的结构有:▲“宾语+名词”.常用于改结构的动词有:call, name, make, find, choose, think, lee等. We call him Jack. They made Li Lei their monitor.▲“宾语+形容词”.常见的动词有think, believe, lee, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等.如:Do you think his idea wrong?We must keep our classroom clean.We can’t lee him alone.Can you get everything ready for the party before Friday?▲“宾语+副词”.副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态,与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系.常见的副词有:down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等.如: Let him in/ out. Mr. Li drove us home.When got there, we found him out.▲“宾语+介词短语”.介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语(即宾语)所处的状态,两者有主表的关系.如: We found everything in good order. We regard him as our good friend.He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.▲“宾语+不定式”.充当宾补的不定式有三种: A 要求带to的不定式The cool water of the lake invited us to swim. B 要求不带to 的不定式 let, make, see, hear, watch等 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. I often hear him read English in his room. C 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 to She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework.▲“宾语+现在分词”.现在分词作宾补,此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语,有着主谓关系. I saw them playing on the playground.I heard Mary singing in the classroom.▲“宾语+过去分词”.宾语和宾补之间是被动关系,过去分词表示被动和完成. I had my bike stolen. The teacher explained again and again to make himself understood.▲ 形式宾语+形容词 We found it impossible to get there before Saturday.▲宾语+what 从句Call me what you like.Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today.The mountain village is different from what it was ten years ago.6.定语▲ 定语用来修饰名词或代词.形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语.因为它是修饰名词或代词的,而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语,所以定语的位置很灵活,凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语.如: 形容词作定语 The black bike is mine. 代词作定语 What’s your name?名词作定语They made some paper flowers.介词短语作定语 The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One.不定式作短语 I he lots to eat and drink.从句作定语 The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.▲ 在英语中,并不是所有的定语都放在被修饰词的前面,有的是放在被修饰词的后面,故称“后置定语”.▲ 修饰不定代词 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody, anybody, nobody 的定语必须后置.如: We’ll go to he something English. If you don’t know the answer, ask someone else. Do you he anything important to tell me?▲介词短语作定语时要后置.如: Do you know the boy behind the tree?

The students in the room are all my friends. I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.▲动词的不定式作定语时要后置 What about something to drink? I he no time to trel to China is in Autumn or in Spring.注 动词不定式作主语时,to 后面的动词必须是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语.如果时短语时,那么与动词搭配的介词或副词是不能少的. Do you he any piece of music to listen to? ▲nearby, below, downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置.如:We are at the top of the hill. Can you see the village below?The people downstairs are listening to a talk now?They took the boy to the hospital nearby at once.7.状语 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词.它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式,从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当.状语一般放在句末,但有时也可以放在句首、句中.如: He did it carefully They missed me very much. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. When I was young, I could swim well.

求下列英语句子的成分分析!!!大神进!!!

英语语法——英语句子成分分析

句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。

1)主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首。如:

Students study. (学生学习。)

We are friends.(我们是朋友)

这两句话中单词students是个名词,we是代词,它们在句中做主语。

2)谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。如:

Students study. (学生学习。)

We are friends. (我们是朋友)

这两句话中单词study和are都是动词,study叫做实意动词,are叫做be动词,它们在句中作谓语。

3)宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如:

They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。)

I play with him. (我和他一起玩。)

这两句话中单词teachers是名词,单词him是带词,它们在句中作宾语。

4)定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如:

This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.)

He is a tall boy.(他是个高个子男孩。)

这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词,它们作定语。

5)状语是用来说明动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如:

The students studyhard. (这些学生学习努力。)

I often write to him.(我常给他写信。)

The bag is too hey.(这个书包太重了。)

这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词,第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词,它们都作状语。

6)表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如:This table is long. (这个桌子是长的。)

通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语,谓语前的成分是状语,时间词作状语放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下:

(定语)主语(状语)谓语(定语)宾语(状语)

如:(The tall) boy(often) go (to the big) zoo.

(The hy) child ---went (his) home yesterday.

请分析下面句子的结构说出各个成分

1)I he two eldersisters. (我有两个姐姐。)

2) They don't swimvery well.(他们游泳不太好。)

3) Do you go toschool every day? (你每天去上学吗?)

4) I really want acup of tea.(我真的想要一杯茶。)

5) Miss Smith teachesEnglish very well.(史密斯先生教英语非常好。)

语法其实并没有一些人想象的那么可怕,其实里面有很多趣味。

第一讲英语句子成分

WARM-UP:1)The teacher in theclassroom. 2)Sang many songs and danced hily. 3)She attracts. 4)Many peopleliving in the country. 5)All the books on the desk over there.

以上这些形式都不能构成英语句子。

英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语(核心:主动词)

英语句子成分歌

英语句子八呀八大块, 主谓宾表真呀真实在;

补语跟着宾语表语跑, 定语同位(语)专把名词踹。

状语的位置它自由自在, 忽右忽左随心所欲摆。

浑身的毛病真呀真不少, 前后乱窜它还会加塞。

I.八大成分的概念和构成

1.主语(名词代词形):句子的主体,是谓语陈述,说明的对象。

If you want therainbow you he to put up with the rain.

不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹。

The secret of successis to start from scratch and keep on scratching.

成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始,并要坚持不断磨练。

充当主语的形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)名词从句5)数词6)不定式7)-ing形式8)介词短语(少见)

形式主语(名词从句,不定式,动名词)

2.谓语:表示主语的行为或进行的活动。

I he a dream.

You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want.

所需之物未必皆所欲,所欲未必皆所需。

谓语形式:动词(英语句子的灵魂)

3.宾语:行为或活动的对象,接受者或受影响者。

You don’t find opportunities…you make them.

你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。

You probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.

如果你常开着电视,你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。

充当宾语形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)名词从句5)数词6)不定式7)-ing形式

形式宾语(名词从句,不定式,动名词)(见第六讲主语和宾语)

4.表语:说明主语的身份和情况。(跟在系动词后)

Time is money.

Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you wantto do.

你想做什么事,三点钟总是太早或太迟。

构成形式:1)名词2)形容词3)代词4)数词5)不定式6)ing形式7)过去分词8)副词9)介词短语10)小品词11)名词从句

5.补语:补充说明。(由动词类别来决定)

构成形式:1)名词2)代词3)形容词4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)过去分词8)介词短语9)副词小品词10)名词从句

主语补语

Tom was made monitor.

宾语补语

I made Tom monitor.

表语补语

I am sure to succeed.

6. 定语:对名词性形式进行范围限定。

7. This is beautiful music.

There are only twokinds of music…good and bad.

自古音乐分两种,好的和坏的。

构成形式:1)限定词2)形容词3)名词4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)过去分词8)介词短语9)副词10)关系从句

8. 同位语:对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。

Puff, the magicdragon, lived by the sea.

构成形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)名词从句

9. 状语:修饰词,短语,从句和整句。位置:自由自在。

1)修饰性状语:修饰动词,形容词,副词等(时间,地点,肯定,否定,程度,频度,方式,伴随,原因,目的,比较等)。

Can you feel the lovetonight?

Home never looks sogood as when you come back from getting away from it.

只有出走又回家时,家才最感亲切。

2)连接性状语:连接上下文(顺序,递进,转折,让步,结果,推论,比较)。

First comes spring,then summer.

I’ve never been to America, therefore I don’t know much about it.

3)评述性状语:修饰整个句子,表示说话人的看法或态度。

Frankly speaking, thefood is not very good.

II.成分关系

1.补语跟着宾语表语跑:

补语跟在宾语和表语的后面构成宾补和表补。把有宾补的句子变成被动语态,则宾补就变成了主补。

To love others makesus hy…to love ourselvesmakes us lonely.(宾补)

We are made hy tolove others…we are made lonely tolove ourselves.(主补)

爱他人使我们幸福,在自己使我们孤单。

2.定语,同位(语)专把名词踹:

定语,同位语修饰名词性形式

Experience is thebest teacher.(被定语所修饰的形式为名词)

They are going toMelbourne, the beautiful city in southern Australia.(同位语所修饰的形式为名词)

3.谓语动词由状语修饰

When you reach forthe stars, you may not quite get one, but you won’t come up with a handful of sand either.

你想摘下天上的星星,可能一个也摘不下;但也不会一无所获。

1、主语:

(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。如:The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。) / They foughtagainst SARS brely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animalsis to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)

(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。如:It is very comfortable to he a Class A seat during the longjourney. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad foryour health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。)

(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略:(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。)/ (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系。) / (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。)

(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词:The man looks worried,doesn’t he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗?) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗?)

(5)祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) / You go there andfetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来。)

(6)主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾;倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。如:Computers are made in this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂。) / Where are they? (他们在哪儿?) / Does the boy likestaying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗?)

(7)主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。) / The Chinesepeople are a hardworking and bre people. (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)

(8)主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”。

2、谓语:

(1)由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。如:

He trelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches youEnglish this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?) / The pizza has gone bad. (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) /

(2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成:[情态动词]+[时态助动词]+[语态助动词]+[主要动词](不一定全部出现)。(见动词的时态和语态构成表) 记住:谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如:

I am sorry I am making so much noise but I he to. (对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。)/ He can’t he finishedreading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu fromspreading out. (该取措施防止

禽流感蔓延。)

(3)谓语动词切忌用“行为动词1 + 原形动词”、“be + 原形动词”。

记住使用下列正确形式:

①情态动词+原形动词。如:You’d better go over the lesson.(你最好复习这一课。)

②shall/ will/ would+原形动词。如:They should he beenthere once.(他们应该去过那儿。)

③be+现在分词或者过去分词。如:What are you doing this evening?(今晚你打算做什么?)/ Many trees hebeen cut down since 10s.(自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐。)

④he+过去分词。如:Many trees he been cut down since 10s.(意思同上)

⑤一般时问句和否定句中:do/does/did+原形动词。如:He does not enjoyhimself very much.(他日子过的不好。)/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?(你们当中有谁见过恐龙蛋吗?)

⑥行为动词1+行为动词2 (不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式)。如:He made up his mindto be a vet.(他拿定主意要做个兽医。)/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling goodabout life.(自尊自爱是享受生活的根本。)/ They wake up the other family members, calling,“Merry Christmas!”(他们叫醒家庭的其他成员,呼喊着:圣诞快乐!)/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built forthemselves.(古代的埃及国王让人给他们自己修建坚固的坟墓。)

(4)不可用形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等独立作谓语,必须在此之前加连系动词。

(5)谓语动词单复数形式:单数形式的动词有:is,was,has,does以及“动词+s”;复数形式的动词有:are,were,he以及动词原形。其他动词不分单、复数。

谓语部分第一个动词的形式

单数形式

复数形式

一般现在时be(是)动词;

现在某些时态和语态的助动词be

am (单一); are (单二); is (单三);

are

一般过去时be(是)动词;

过去某些时态和语态的助动词be

was (单一); were (单二); was;(单三)

were

一般现在时he(有)动词;

现在完成时态的助动词he

he (单一); he (单二); has (单三);

he

一般现在时行为动词和助动词do

do (单一、单二); does (单三)

do

实意动词和连系动词的一般现在时动词(否定和疑问句除外)

原形动词(单一、单二); 动词+s /es (单三)

原形动词

其他各时态语态的谓语动词

单复数形式相同

记住:主语、谓语单复数必须保持一致。 Air and water isnecessary to us all.(空气和水对于我们大家是必不可少的。)

(6)一般问句和反意问句的回答不使用行为动词,应该使用“是”动词、情态动词、助动词(be,will,he,do以及变形)。如:The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn’t it? ----Yes, it is.(奥运会每两年举办一次,是吗?----是的。)

3、宾语:

(1) 由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当,表示动作的承受者是“谁”或者是“何物”。如: The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。)(代词和名词充当两个宾语) / He told me thatthe company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多的钱。)(不定式作宾语) / They enjoywatching football games so much that they often forget their lessons.(他们如此喜爱看足球以至于常常忘记了他们的功课。)(动名词作宾语) / I think to be achildren’s doctor is veryrewarding.(我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的。)(从句作宾语)

(2) 只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物动词,故加to。) / Can you hearanything exciting?(你能听到什么令人兴奋的消息吗?)

(3) 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词的后面,但是在疑问句中,如果宾语是疑问词,则宾语要放在句首。介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后或句首。如:What did he see? (他看见了什么?) / What does hewrite a letter with? (他用什么写的信?) / With what does he write a letter? (他用什么写的信?)

(4)“动词+副词+宾语”结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在“动”“副”之间。如:Please put the shoes away. (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put awaythe shoes. (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put them away. (请把它们收起来。)

(5) 动词后面跟双宾语时可以用两种结构:

①动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。如:He often gives mesome help. (他常常帮我。)

②动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。注意,一般情况介词用to,但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for.如: Please make me akite. (请给我做个风筝。)或Please make a kite for me.

(6) 在“动词+宾语+宾补”结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it做形式宾语,而将实际的宾语移到补语后面去。如:I found the job rather difficult. (我发觉这个工作相当难做。) / I found it ratherdifficult to do the job.

(7) 宾语可以由从句充当,详见“宾语从句”。

4、表语:

(1) 说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分,通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、代词等充当。如:He became a doctor after he left high school.(高中毕业他当上了医生。) / The rubber wheelsare over there.(橡胶轮子在那边。) / He does not feel like eating anything today because hehas caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何东西因为他得了重感冒。) / Who is it?(谁呀?)

(2) 表语只能放在连系动词(如:be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之后,对表语进行提问的句子除外。

(3) 代词做表语一般用主格,口语中常用宾。如:It’s I. (It’s me.)是我。

(4) 只能作表语的形容词有:sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorryfor his carelessness.(他很为他的粗心而歉疚。) / Please make no noise here; the baby is asleep.(请不要发出响动,婴儿正熟睡呢。) / I am onlyinterested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是对独坐孤舟无所事事感兴趣。) / I am not alone inthinking so.(并非只有我才这样想的。)

(5) 表语也可以由从句充当,详见“表语从句”。

5、定语:

(1) 修饰名词或代词的成分,常由形容词、名词(含所有格)、代词(物主、指示、疑问、不定)、介词短语、不定式(短语)充当,在初三阶段还学习了定语从句做定语的知识。如:Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上层的抽屉里。) / France andSwitzerland are European countries. (法国和瑞士是欧洲国家。) / His mother andfather are both college teachers.(他的父母都是大学教师。) / This is the day that I can never forget in my life.(这是我一辈子难忘的日子。)

先翻译后解析

1 没人确切的知道,而预测又十分冒险。

该句是有两个分句;no one是第一个句子的主语,knows 是谓语;而 for sure 你可当成是修饰动词的副词成分。making predictions 是第二句的主语,动名词作主语;is 是be动词作谓语;你可能要问 为什么 不用 are 因为predictions 是复数,在此句中making 是关键词,动名词它指的是一个动作,应视为单数

2 每个人一出生即会得到一个电话号码,而这个号码不会因为居住地变迁而改变。

everyone 是主语;will be given a teleophone number是将来被动态作谓语,因为是别人给电话号码,所以用被动时;that引导定语从句修饰 teleophone number

3 一切似乎都是定数,然而关于未来的城市生活却还有很多事是未知数。

也是有两个分句;All this是第一句的主语;seems是谓语;第二句是 there be 结构,which 引导定语从句修饰things

4 正因为每个城市都有自己的远程诊所,医生可以远距离进行手术,远程手术将变得很普遍。

Distance surgery是主语, will become 是谓语; as 引导原因状语从句解释为何Distance surgery会变得common;with 引导伴随状语从句子,补充doctor可以进行远程手术的条件

5 通过脑部内置高科技摄像头,老年人和残疾人士能去世界上任何一个地方。

Senior citizens and people with disabilities 是主语,其中with disabilities是定语成分修饰people; will be able to go 是整句的谓语部分,using high-tech cameras attached to their head是动名词短语作条件状语,其中attached to their head是定语成分修饰camera,它是被插入主语的头脑中,故用被动时

6 你应该先问一下司机,确保你在旅程开始前了解价钱。比如,如果是一个人,价钱是单程价还是来回价。

整句由三个分句组成。前两个分句的主语都是You; talk to 是第一句的谓语;the driver是talk的宾语, make sure 是第二句的谓语,you know the price before you begin the journey是第二句的宾语部分, 而这个宾语成分又有两个句子:you know the price 和 you begin the journey,before 引导时间状语从句;for example,if it is per person,single or return是第三个句子。for example 是插入语

7 只要举起你的手,出租车会随时出现。

有两个句子:Simply raise your hand 和 and a taxi ears in no times

这个句子中Simply 副词前置使用;raise your hand省略主语you;a taxi 主语,ears 谓语