英语句子结构类型有哪些种类_英语句子结构类型跟基本句型
1.英语句子类型的并列句和复合句有什么不同
2.英语中句子成分的划分,越详细越好!谢谢了!
3.初中英语知识:英语语法之句子的种类
4.主谓宾定状补的符号是什么
5.英语句子成分
6.关于英语句子的种类和成分
7.英语句子结构讲解 含例子
基本句型(Basic
Sentence
Patterns):英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:
1)主
+
动(SV)例如:
I
work.
我工作。
2)主
+
动
+
表(SVP)例如:
John
is
busy.
约翰忙。
3)主
+
动
+
宾(SVO)例如:
She
studies
English.
她学英语。
4)主
+
动
+
宾
+
补(SVOC)例如:
Time
would
prove
me
right.
时间会证明我是对的。
5)主
+
动
+
间宾
+
直宾(SVOiOd)例如:
My
mother
made
me
a
new
dress.
我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
句子的种类
(一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1)
陈述句(Declarative
Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。
Light
trels
faster
than
sound.
光比声速度快。
(说明事实)
The
film
is
rather
boring.
这部**很乏味。
(说明看法)
2)
疑问句(Interrogative
Sentences):提出问题。有以下四种:
a.
一般疑问句(General
Questions):
Can
you
finish
the
work
in
time?
你能按时完成工作吗?
b.
特殊疑问句(W
Questions;
H
Questions):
Where
do
you
live?
你住那儿?
How
do
you
know
that?
你怎么知道那件事?
c.
选择疑问句(Alternative
Questions):
Do
you
want
tea
or
coffee?
你是要茶还是要咖啡?
d.
反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):
He
doesn't
know
her,
does
he?
他不认识她,对不对?
3)
祈使句(Imperative
Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:
Sit
down,
please.
请坐。
Don't
be
nervous!
别紧张!
4)
感叹句(Exclamatory
Sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如:
What
good
news
it
is!
多好的消息啊!
(二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:
1)
简单句(Simple
Sentences):只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,例如:
She
is
fond
of
collecting
stamps.
她喜欢集邮。
(主)
(谓)
2)
并列句(Compound
Sentences):包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接,例如:
The
food
was
good,
but
he
had
little
etite.
(主)
(谓)
(主)(谓)
食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。
3)
复合句(Complex
Sentences):包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如:
The
film
had
begun
when
we
got
to
the
cinema.
主句
从句
我们到达**院的时候,**已经开演了。
英语句子类型的并列句和复合句有什么不同
英语中句子类型有哪四种
英语句子种类有两种分类:
1.按句子的用途分为四种:
陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句2.按句子结构可分为:
简单句、并列句、复合句
英语中句子种类有哪些?
宾语从句 主语从句 表语从句 双宾语从句 状语从句
英语的句子类型有哪几种
his head from a round window of the barn.
`Whet are ye for?' he shouted. `T' maister's
英语句子有那些种类
主谓宾
主系表
这是句子的构成
主语,谓语动词,宾语
名词代词是主语,谓语是动词,宾语和主语的构成一致
但是宾语要用宾格
英语里面有几种句子类型组成句子的结构有什么,比如什
1简单句、并列句、复合句
根据语法形式,即句子的结构,英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句.
1简单句
句型:主语+谓语
只包含一个主谓结构,而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示.简单句有五种基本句型,详见第十七章.
They are playing baseball in the garden.
他们正在公园里打棒球.
Her brother and sister both are teachers.
她的哥哥和姐姐都是老师.
2并列句
句型:简单句+并列连词+简单句
(常见的并列连词有and,but,or)
并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成.并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,是平行并列的关系.它们之间用连词连结.
My friend was at home,and we talked for along time.
我的朋友在家,我们谈了好长时间.
英语中句子成分的划分,越详细越好!谢谢了!
句子的种类 1. 按使用目的,句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类;
2. 句子按其结构可以分为简单句、并列句、复合句三类。下面就考试中常见的并列句和复合句做简单介绍。
(一)并列句
1. 由and、but、or、so、for等并列连词把两个简单句连接起来而成的。例如: John likes playing basketball,
but he didn’t play it yesterday. 约翰喜欢打篮球,但他昨天没打。 You should hurry, or you will
miss the train. 你该快点了,否则要误车了。 He must be a good student, for he is always
careful with his lessons. 他肯定是个好学生,因为他学习一直很认真仔细。
2. 由并列连词词组连接成的。常用的有not only … but also … , either … or … , neither … nor … ,
not … but …, both … and …, 等等。例如:
Not only one but also all of us were
invited. 不只是一个,而是我们全体都受到邀请。 Either you do it, or I ask for somebody else to do
it. 要么你来做,要么我请其他人来做。 Neither Tom nor Jack has finished the homework.
汤姆和杰克都没有完成作业。 Not couldn’t they complete the task, but the task was too tough.
不是他们完不成任务,而是任务太重了。
(二)主从复合句
包含两个或多个主谓结构,并且,其中一个主谓结构充当主句,另一个或多个主谓结构为从句,充当该主句的主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语,这样的句子叫做复合句。
按照从句在整个复合句中所起的语法作用,可将复合句分为六类。即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句。在以往的英语应用能力等级考试中,这六种复合句都曾出现过,其中尤其以宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句为多。下面分别予以讲解。
1. 主语从句
在整个句子中充当主语成分的从句。可以由从属连词that, whether等引导;也可以由连接代词what, which,
who以及由连接副词how, when, where, why,as等引导。例:
In some countries _____ is called "equality" does not really mean equal
rights for all people.
A) which B) what C) that D) one
2. 同位语从句
从句的作用是做主语、表语或宾语的同位语(即,不是对主语、表语或宾语进行修饰和限定,而是说明其内容含义),则叫做同位语从句。由that引导。例:
The mere fact __________ most people believe nuclear war would be madness
does not mean that it will not occur.
A) what C) that B) which D) why
可以由同位语从句修饰的名词还有thought, idea, news, hope, belief, dou等。
3.表语从句
当主句的谓语是系动词,而从句位于其后,即在整个句子中充当表语,则该从句叫做表语从句。可以由从属连词that,
whether等引导;由连接代词what, which, who等引导;由连接副词how, when, where, why等引导;以及由because等引导。
Their argument was how we know a way to test the authorities statement.
他们的论据是我们怎能知道检验权威观点的方法。
4. 宾语从句(包括间接引语)
在主句中充当宾语成分,即跟在及物动词后面、不及物动词加介词后面,或介词后面的从句叫做宾语从句。可以由从属连词that, whether,
if等引导;由连接代词what, which, who等引导;由连接副词how, when, where, why等引导。例:
Professor Lee's book will show you how what you he observed can be used
in other contexts.
5. 定语从句
定语从句分为两类:非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句。前者用逗号与主句隔开,如果去除这一部分并不改变影响主句的意思的定语从句(在非限制性定语从句中,需要注意的是,不能用that替换which引导词)。而限制性定语从句正好与之相反,不需逗号将从句与主句隔开,如果去除的话,将大大影响原句要表达的意思。
定语从句在英语应用能力等级考试中出现频率相当高。考查点主要在于引导定语从句的关系词的选择和非限制性定语从句的辨识。
指代人时,定语从句可以由关系代词who, whom,
whose引导;指代物时,可以由关系代词which引导;指代人或物时,由that引导;由关系副词when, where, why等引导。例:
As is announced in today's papers, the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair
is also open on Sundays.
据今天的报纸宣布,上海出口商品博览会星期日也照常开放
注意:
a) 关系代词whom, which, that在从句中做宾语时,常常可以省略,在口语中更常见。
b)
引导词where就等于介词加which,都指代从句的地点状语。where本身就可以代替介词短语表示地点状语,而which只能指代介词短语中的名词,所以它前面或从句中必须有介词。例:
This is the house where / in which I used to live.
这就是我曾经住过的房子。
I will never forget the days when / during which we lived together.
我永远忘不了我们在一起的那些日子。
6.状语从句
在复合句中充当时间、地点、方式、目的、原因、结果等状语成分的从句通称为状语从句。
(1) 时间状语从句
时间状语从句通常由since, when, after, as, while, before, by, during等时间连词引导。例如:
Tom was playing computer games
when his mother found him.
汤姆的妈妈找到他时,他正在玩电脑游戏。
(2)地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。例如:
I found my wallet where I walked.
我在我走过的地方找到了钱包。
Wherever I am I will be
thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。 (3)方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。例如:
As water is to fish, so air is
to man. 我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。
as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的","好像……似的"。例如:
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。) (4)目的状语从句
表示目的的状语从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in
case等词引导。例如:
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
最好多穿点衣服,以防天变冷。
(5)原因状语从句
原因状语从句一般由because, since,
as和for引导。because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或
since。由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。例如:
I didn't go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因为我怕。
Since /As the weather is so bad, we he to delay our
journey. 天气那么糟,旅行推迟了。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席,因为他病了。
He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了,所以今天缺席。
(6)结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so…that 或 such…that引导。so…that与such…that之间可以转换。例如:
He is so young a boy that he can't go to
school.
He is such a young boy that he
can't go to school 这男孩年龄太小,不能上学。
(7)条件状语从句
条件状语从句的连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if
引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。unless = if not. 例如:
If you are not too tied, let's go
out for a walk. 如果不太累,我们去散散步。
You will be late unless
you lee immediately.
除非你立即走,否则你就回迟到的。
(8)让步状语从句
though, although引导的让步状语从句,后面的从句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用。例如:
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.
虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老了,但仍然努力地工作。
as, though 引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)。例如:
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
虽然是个小孩,该做什么不做什么,他全知道。
Young as / though he is, he is so experienced. 虽然很小,但他经验丰富。 ever if, even
though 即使。例如:
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好,我们也要去远足。
whether…or… 不管……都。例如:
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
信不信由你,这确实是真的。
"no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever" 。例如:
No matter what hened, he would not mind. =Whatever hened, he would
not mind. 不管发生什么,他不在意。
no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever no matter how = however
初中英语知识:英语语法之句子的种类
句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、同位语七种 主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。 谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。 宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。 主语和谓语是英语句子的两大成分,除少数句子(如祈使句和感叹句等)外,一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。主语是针对谓语而言的,是一句话的主题,谓语用来说明主语的情况,为主语提供信息。例如:They are working.主语是they(他们),那么他们在做什么呢?看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。在正常情况下,英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致,也就是说主语在前,谓语紧跟其后。那么,哪些词语可以做主语,谓语,何时主谓倒置,主语与谓语的一致情况如何,我将一一讲述。
主语
哪些词可以充当主语 1,名词 例如: A mooncake is a delicious, round cake. The first truck is carrying a few baskets. The temperature will stay above zero. The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully. China does not want to copy the USA’s example. 2,代词 例如: It’s a young forest. I don’t know if it will grow. That’s a bit expensive. You’d better buy a new pair. I’m afraid we hen’t got any black shoes. 3,数词 例如:One and two is three. One is not enough for me. I want one more. One of them is English. Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck. Two will be enough. 4,不定式 (常以 It’s adj. to do sth. 形式出现) 例如: To give is better than to receive =Its better to give. I found it difficult to get to sleep. It’s glad to see you again. It was difficult to see. But it’s good to swim in summer. 5,IT 作主语,有如下情况: 1)指代刚刚提到的事物:What’s this ? It’s a bus. (指代what) 2)指代一个你不知道或判断不清性别的人:Who’s knocking the door? It’s me. (指代 who) Who’s the baby in the picture? It’s my sister. (指代 who) 3) 表示时间,天气,距离: What’s the time? It’s eight o’clock. (时间) What’s it going to be tomorrow? It’s going to be rainy.(天气) How far is it? It’s about one kilometre away. (距离) 6. THERE 引起的There be 句型中,be 作谓语,主语位居其后。如: There are many different kinds of mooncakes. There will be a strong wind.
谓语
谓语有动词构成,依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。不论何种时态,语态,语气,凡由一个动词(或动词词组)构成的谓语都是简单谓语。例如: I like walking.(一般现在时主动语态) I made your birthday cake last night. (一般过去时主动语态) It is used by trellers and business people all over the world. (一般现在时被动语态) 复合谓语也可分为两种情况: 第一种是由情态动词,助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语: What does this word mean? I won’t do it again. I’ll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao. You’d better catch a bus. 第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。例如: You look the same. We are all here. The weather gets wamer, and the days get longer. Keep quite and listen to me. He looked worried. We he to be up early in the moming. Is Bill in? School Is over. Let’s go home. My pen is in my bag. I feel terrible. I* fell tried all the time. He seemed rather tired last night. 连系动词和表语在意思上紧密联系,不宜分割;有关动词的种类这方面知识在课本中已有介绍,此处不多说了。
宾语
宾语是谓语动作所涉及的对象,它是动作的承受者,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任,宾语一般放在谓语动词后面。 I saw a cat in the tree. 我看见树上有一只猫。 I want to go shopping. 我想去买东西。 He said he could be here. 他说他会来的。 We think you are right. 我们认为你是对的。 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,其中一个宾语多指人,另一个宾语指物,指人的宾语叫做间接宾语,指物的宾语叫做直接宾语,可以带两个宾语的动词有 bring,give,show,send,pass,tell等。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面,如果强调直接宾语可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面, 但间接宾语前须加"to"。 My father bought me a book. 我父亲给我买了一本书。 Give the rubber to me. 把橡皮给我。 Please give the letter to XiaoLi. 请把这封信给小李。 有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外,还需要加上宾语补足语,否则意思不完整,它们一起构成复合宾语,复合宾语中宾语和后面的宾语补足语有一种逻辑上的主谓关系,这也是判断是两个宾语还是复合宾语的依据,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的词担任。 We all call him LaoWang. 我们都叫他老王。 Please color it red. 请给它涂上红颜色。 We found the little girl in the hill. 我们在山上找到了小女孩。
定语
用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。 That is a beautiful flower. 那是一朵漂亮的花。 The TV set made in that factory is very good. 那个工厂生产的电视机很好。 This is my book,not your book. 这是我的书,不是你的书。 There are more than twenty trees in our school. 我们学校里有二十多棵树。 I he a lot of things to do. 我有好多要做的事情。 Our country is a developing country. 我们的国家是一个发展中的国家。
状语
1、说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。 2、状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 3、状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等 A、副词一般在句子中做状语. He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好. He is playing under the tree.中的under the tree是地点状语. B、不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。 I come specially to see you.我专门来看你. C、介词短语 Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian. The boy was praised for his brery. D、从句作状语 When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian. If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. E、分词作状语 Hing had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。 Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.
补语
英语中补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。 1、主语的补语 它用在系动词后,是句子的一个基本成分。常用主-系-表结构。 1.I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一起,至少,至少我认为是她。(her做宾 语,them做介词宾语,her做主语补语) 2.. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶? -- Me. --我。 (me做主语补语= It's me.) 3.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. (she做主语补语) 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。 2、宾语的补语 1.不定式(to do) Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。 We made him copy the sentence. He is made to copy the sentence. I felt my hands tremble. 2.名词 At the meeting we elected him monitor. I think your brother a clever boy. 3.形容词 What you said made Xiao Wang angry. I found the classroom empty 4.副词 Please call the students back at once. He was seen to take his cap off. 5.现在分词 We hear him singing in the hall. I found him lying in bed, sleeping. 6.过去分词 He saw his face reflected in the water. I heard it spoken of in the next room.
表语
表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。 These desks are yellow. 这些桌子是**的。 I am all right. 我没事。 We are hy now. 我们现在很幸福。 It's over. 时间到了。 She is ten. 她十岁了。 My work is teaching English, 我的工作是教英语。 The dictionary is in the bag. 词典在书包里边。 My question is how you knew him. 我的问题是你如何认识他的。
同位语
当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位语(ositive).这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任,同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后。 This is Miss Chen, our English teacher. 这是陈**,我们的英语老师。 My parents both are teacher. We all like sports.
主谓宾定状补的符号是什么
初中英语知识:英语语法大全之句子的种类
句子的种类
(一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1) 陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。
Light trels faster than sound. 光比声速度快。(说明事实)
The film is rather boring. 这部**很乏味。(说明看法)
2) 疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。有以下四种:
a. 一般疑问句(General Questions):
Can you finish the work in time?
你能按时完成工作吗?
b. 特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions):
Where do you live? 你住那儿?
How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?
c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions):
Do you want tea or coffee?
你是要茶还是要咖啡?
d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):
He doesnt know her, does he?
他不认识她,对不对?
3) 祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:
Sit down, please. 请坐。
Dont be nervous! 别紧张!
;英语句子成分
符号:
主语是两条短线;
谓语是一条短线;
宾语是波浪线;
定语是小括号();
状语是中括号[];
补语是尖括号<>。
注意:
1、其中主谓宾是句子的主干,定状补是枝叶。
2、一般句子分为主谓句和非主谓句。
3、句子结构为:状语.定语+主语中心语+状语+谓语中心语+补语+定语+宾语中心语。
1、主谓宾
一种文法的表达方式。语法顺序为为主语—谓语—宾语的结构。虽然使用主谓宾结构的语言在事实上没有使用主、宾、谓结构的。但是语言种类多,且许多克里奥尔语都使用主谓宾结构为主要语序。
结构:
主谓宾结构为一种文法的语序,即语法顺序为主语—谓语—宾语的结构,像英文的"I eat les"就是一个例子,在此范例中I为主词(主语,人),eat为动词(谓语动词),les为名词(宾语,物)。所以也可以理解为两物(或一人一物)一动作为主谓宾结构。
其主要内容是表示简单的句子,在英语中很常见。
主语即一句话中动作的发出人;
谓语即一句话中的表示具体动作的部分;
宾语即一句话中动作的承受者;
2、定状补
句子成分:
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语.谓语.表语.宾语.宾语补足语.定语.状语等。
顺序一般是主语,谓语.宾语,宾语补足语,而表语、定语、状语的位置要根据情况而定。
补语是句子中动作状态进行修饰;
定语是对句子中名词性的词语进行修饰的部分;
状语是对句子中的动词性词语或全句整体进行修饰的部分.
参考链接:百度百科:主谓宾
关于英语句子的种类和成分
可以告诉你,我们中文的语法是套用的英语的。两者几乎没有区别,除了古汉语有区别。
句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当. 例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to he an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当. 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法: 表语使用形容词,不用副词! 例如:
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)
Time is up. The class is over.(副词)注意: 副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词! 我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住.
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The hey rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you he? I he five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.
(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法: 宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如:
His father named him Dongming.(名词)
They painted their boat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)
We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)
(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一句话语法:定语使用形容词 定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)
(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子(这个就叫状语,一句话语法: 状语用副词,不用形容词),说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:
Light trels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)
He is proud to he passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)
He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语)
Wait a minute.(名词)
Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)
状语种类如下:
How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)(表示时间就是时间状语,那表示原因的呢? 对喽,就是原因状语)
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(条件状语)
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)
She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)
I am taller than he is.(比较状语)
英语句子结构讲解 含例子
英语的句型分为简单句、复合句和并列句
在简单句中就两个类型:主系表 结构 和 主谓宾 结构
即只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子 叫简单句
主语可为 名词 或 代词
如果谓语动词是系动词be(包括各种时态的变形以及一些半系动词如feel\remain等)那么就是主系表结构
如果谓语动词是实意动词(sing\run\buy)那么就是主谓宾结构
但是有些语句可以没有表语或者宾语
比如如果句子的谓语是不及物动词就不加宾语了
1.The children are singing.
这是主系表结构,在这里singing是现在分词做表语
2.That building is old but beautiful.
这也是主系表结构but是连词,old but beautiful一起做表语
3.Mary will lee Beijing tomorrow.(will做助动词,lee,表示将来,所以真正的谓语动词是lee)
这就是主谓宾结构了,谓语动词的后面有宾语 Beijing
4.I usually he breakfast at seven.
这句也是主谓宾,宾语是breakfast
5.He bought a dictionary yesterday.
这句也是主谓宾,宾语是dictionary
6.The chicken is very delicious.
这句是主系表,形容词delicious做表语
这个也是主谓宾结构
S是subject,主语
V是verb,动词,在句子里即谓语
O是object,宾语
P是preposition,介词
主谓结构:I give up 我放弃
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。 顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
一般可分为两类:
1),简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。
2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
Hegemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。
Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。
6、状语
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。
从句是指用于复合句中担当某个句子成分的主谓结构。虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的, 但是它不能视为独立的句子,因为它离开了主语就无法独立、完整地表达意思。按其所能表达的意义而言,它相当于一个词或是一个词组.例如: 1) Because they talk at home while the television is on , many people think they can talk at movies as well . (状语从句)许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话,所以他们认为在**院也可以如此。 2) Whether he comes or not doesn't make any difference to me . (主语从句) 他来与不来对我都一样。 3)There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured(宾语从句)什么是货币以及怎样计量货币经济学家之间存有分歧。 4) China is not what it used to be . (表语从句)中国不是它过去的样子了。 5) Is there any proof that the food of plant differs from that of animals ? (同位语从句)有没有什么证据说明植物性食品不同于动物性食品? 6) Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their . (定语从句) 税款是人们支持而交的钱。 如果将上面的复合句中所有的从句都独立出来,那将是这样的: 1) Because they talk at home while the television is on 2) Whether he comes or not 3) what money is and how money is measured 4) what it used to be 5) that the food of plant differs from that of animals 6) that people pay to support their 我们很容易看出,上面的所有这些句子既不是陈述句、疑问句,也不是祁使句,更不是感叹句。也就是说,它们不是独立的句子;也只有在附属于主句后才能获得意义如下:1)因为许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话 2)他来与不来 3)什么是货币以及怎样计量货币 4)它过去的样子5)植物性食品不同于动物性食品6)人们支持而交的上面的这些句子在我们中文里如同是人们常说的"半截话";在英文中也就是个"词或词组"了。 B. 我们虽然说过,从句自身的句子结构基本是完整的,但是它不同于"独立句子"的是--每个从句的最前面都好象"戴了顶帽子"即:从属关系词。由此可以看出,从句的另一个特点是:从属关系词总是立于从句之首. C. 从句的再一个特点是:一般说来(除少数倒装的情况外),从句中的语序应该是正常语序。 D. 关于从句种类的划分有两种方法:按从句的词性划分和按从句的句子功能划分。如果按从句的词性划分,从句可分为三种:名词从句、形容词从句和副词从句。如果按从句的句子功能划分(也就是按从句在句子中所担任的成分来划分),从句可分为:主语从句、宾语从句、 表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。其实,这两种划分从句的方法在逻辑上是一致的.我们知道,能在句子里充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语的往往是名词、代词等,所以名词从句涵盖了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。形容词和副词常分别在句中担当定语和状语,所以,形容词从句和副词从句其实分别是定语从句和状语从句。 名词从句名词从句在句中是一个相当于名词的主谓结构。我们在前面说过,名词从句含盖了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。连接这些从句与主句的关系词主要有三类: 1.从属连词:that(无有词义) , whether(是否) ,if (是否) 2.关系代词:who(谁,主格) , whom(谁,宾格),whose谁的,所有格) , what(什么),which(哪个,哪些) 3.关系副词:when(什么时候) where(什么地方)why(为什么) , how(怎样) 名词从句中的从属连词在从句里不担任任何成分,只起连接的作用;而关系代词和关系副词不仅仅是起连接的作用,而且还在从句里担任一定的成分;关系代词常在从句中担任主语、宾语或表语等成分;关系副词常在从句中担任状语。另外,在使用上面的这些关系词时,有几个问题值得我们注意:首先,只能用whether而不能用if的情况. 1)引导主语从句,例如: Whether we'll make a loan for the project has not been decided .(正确)我们是否要为这个项目还没有定下来。 OR: It has not been decided whether we'll make a loan for the project . (正确) If we'll make a loan for the project has not been decided .(错误) OR: It has not been decided if we'll make a loan for the project . (错误) 2)作介词的宾语,例如: I he no idea about whether I can raise the money for buying a car . (正确)我不知道我是否能为买车筹措到资金。 I he no idea about if I can raise the money for buying a car . (错误) 3)后接不定式 ,例如: He didn't know whether to go all himself first or wait for her here.(正确)他不知道是他自己先去还是在这儿等她。 He didn't know if to go all himself or wait for her here . (错误) 4)后接or not ,例如: We wonder whether they'll come in time or not.(正确) 我们担心他们会不会准时到。 We wonder if they'll come in time or not . (错误)其次,what引导的名词从句表达的意思是"……所……的"。这个"所怎么的"定义根据"从句谓语的动作意义"而定。例如: I don't understand what you said.我不理解你所说的话。 What he needs is to practice more.他所需要的是勤于练习。 Money is what she is really after.金钱是她所真正追求的东西。 People he different ideas about what hiness means . 人们对于幸福的含义有不同见解。最后,要了解 -ever = no matter ,用于表示强调,意为"无论……"。也就是说: whatever = no matter what(无论什么) whoever = no matter who(无论谁) whichever = no matter which(无论那个) whenever =no matter when (无论何时) wherever = no matter where(无论何地) however = no matter how (无论怎样) A 主语从句用作主语的主谓结构称之为主语从句。例如: Whether he'll come or not remains a question . 他是否会来依然是一个问题。 Whoever says that is not allowed .无论谁这样说都是不允许的。 That she reads English aloud every morning helps her a lot in the improvement of her English study . 她每天早晨朗读英文对提高她的英语学习起了很大的作用。 要点提示在使用主语从句中,有几个问题值得我们注意: 1)尽管主从连词that在主语从句中没有任何意义,但一般不能省略。 That there is no elevator in the building is the critical inconvenience .这幢楼里没有电梯是极大的不便之处。 It is necessary (that) he he his further study incollege.(当主语从句在后面时,连词that可以省去)他在大学进一步深造是完全必要的。 2)为了保持句子平衡或在正式文体中,常用先行It代替主语从句而将主语从句置于句末。 It remains a question Whether he'll come or not . 他是否会来,依然是一个问题。 It is not allowed Whoever says that. 无论谁这样说都是不允许的。 3)在It + be +形容词/ 名词 + that从句的结构中,由于某些形容词/ 名词的原因,that从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式。这类形容词/ 名词常见的有: essential(绝对必要的), important(重要的), advisable(明智的), desirable(希望能够的), imperative(必须的), natural(自然的), necessary必要的), regretful(遗憾的), strange(奇怪的), proper(适当的), urgent(紧急的), duty(义务、责任), a pity (遗憾), no wonder(难怪), a regret(遗憾)。例如: It is strange that he ( should ) say so . 他居然会这样说,真是奇怪。 It is a great pity that you ( should ) think so . 他居然会这样想,真是一件憾事。 It is natural that a bird ( should ) rest in trees . 鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。 It is a wonder that he should he passed the exam. 他这次考试居然会及格,真是个奇迹。 4)以what引导的主语从句常用于句首表示强调。 What they need now is financial aid . 他们现在所需要的是经济援助。 What she thinks of me doesn't mean much to me . 她怎么样看我,对我来说无所谓。 What you he said hurt her a lot .你所说的话对她伤害很大。 B 宾语从句用作谓语动词、介词以及非谓语动词形式的宾语的主谓结构称之为宾语从句。也就是说,只要是用一个主谓结构去充当宾语,那么这个主谓结构就称为宾语从句。 例如: I believe that he will find a job in that publisher .(作谓语动词的宾语)我相信,他一定会在那家出版社找到工作。 He laughed at what they said . (作介词的宾语)她对他们说的话,一笑置之。 要点提示在使用宾语从句中,有几个问题值得我们注意: 1)宾语从句与主句的时态一致性问题这种一致性的要求,只有当主句的谓语动词用于"过去时区"的时候才存在。凡是在"过去时区"内的各种不同时态都在其中。另外,这种一致性只要求宾语从句的谓语动词也用于"过去时区"即可,至于用什么样具体的时态就要依从句的需要而定了。 He had told me that he would join the club sometime . 他曾经告诉我说,他会在某个时候参加俱乐部的。 I remembered that I had met him somewhere . 我记得我曾在哪儿见过他。 She thought that she would he finished what she was doing by the end of the month . 她认为在那个月底她将完成她手头上做的事。 2)if引导的宾语从句不能作介词的宾语,而只有用whether引导才行。这一点在上面刚刚讲过.(略) 3)某些动词后面,宾语从句的谓语要求用虚拟式。这一点已在"虚拟语气"一章中讨论过了,本章只作简单的复习。这类要求宾语从句的谓语用虚拟式的动词,常见的有:command(命令), demand(要求), desire(希望), insist(坚持), order(命令), propose(提议), recommend(推荐), request(要求), require(要求), suggest(建议),等。例如: He proposed that we ( should ) set a dead line for the complement of the plan . 他提议拟定一个执行的期限。 C 表语从句在句子中担当表语的主谓结构称之为表语从句。它常位于句中联系动词或是起联系动词作用的动词之后.例如: The problem is where we can hold our meeting . 问题是我们可以在哪儿举行会议。 It seems that everything goes smoothly .似乎一切都进行得很顺利。 The cause is that the temperature of water is lower that needed . 其原因是水的温度低于所需要的温度。 That is what he really wants .那就是他真想要的东西。 D 同位语从句同位语从句就是在句子中担当同位语的主谓结构.在使用同位语从句时要特别注意:尽管主从连词that在同位语从句中没有任何意义,但却不能省略。另外,同位语从句常用于下面这些名词的后面(其中,斜体字的名词后面所接的同位语从句中要用虚拟语气): fact(事实), fear(担心、害怕), belief(信念,意见), evidence(证据), hope(希望), idea(想法) news(新闻), dou(怀疑), suggestion(建议), motion(动议), proposal(提议), order(命令), recommendation(推荐),等等。例如: There is the news that an American delegation will arrive in Beijing tomorrow afternoon . 有消息说一个美国代表团将于明天下午抵达北京。 Is there any proof that the food of the plant differs from that of animals ? 是否有任何证据可以说明植物性的食物不同于动物性的食物呢? We all know the fact that organization helps memorization. 我们都知道这样一个事实:把要记忆的材料组织起来有助于记忆。 What do you think of his proposal that we ( should ) put on a play at the English evening ? 他建议我们在英语晚会上演一个剧,你觉得怎么样?
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